Este é um artigo de acesso aberto, licenciado por Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0), sendo permitidas reprodução, adaptação e distribuição desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados. INSTITUTIONAL PRESSURES ON DISCLOSURE OF CARBON CONTROL ISSUES BY OIL AND GAS COMPANIES PRESSÕES INSTITUCIONAIS NA EVIDENCIAÇÃO DOS CONTROLES DAS EMISSÕES DE CARBONO DAS EMPRESAS DE ÓLEO E GÁS ABSTRACTThis paper evaluates the influence of institutional pressure on climate change project disclosure in oil and gas companies. It was based on a sample of sustainability reports issued by 35 companies included on the 2011 Fortune ranking from the USA, Europe, Latin America and Asia. Empirical results suggest that companies positioned at the top of the Fortune ranking have higher levels of information disclosure on climate change projects. These companies are the most susceptible to normative pressure, contradicting the claim that climate strategy is predominantly associated with the mimetic or coercive pillar. Companies in emerging economies have low levels of disclosure because environmental issues receive less attention than social issues, such as poverty. The study demonstrated that multinationals were subject to low coercive pressures due to the lack of clear regulations and international enforcement mechanisms. The oil and natural gas companies surveyed are exposed to institutional pressure associated with the three types of isomorphism and see disclosure of climate change projects as a way of acquiring legitimacy.Keywords: climate change, institutional theory, environmental disclosure, oil and gas companies. RESUMOO artigo avalia a influência das pressões institucionais na evidenciação de projetos de mudança climática em empresas de petróleo e gás. O trabalho baseia-se em uma amostragem de 35 relatórios empíricos de sustentabilidade de empresas americanas, europeias, asiáticas, publicados em 2011 na Fortune Resultados sugerem que as companhias posicionadas no topo do ranking da Fortune têm maiores níveis de evidenciação de projetos de mudança climática. Essas empresas são mais suscetíveis às pressões normativas, contrariando a ideia de que a estratégia climática esteja associada às pressões miméticas ou coercitivas. Empresas em economias emergentes possuem baixos níveis de evidenciação, em virtude das questões ambientais receberem um menor nível de atenção, quando comparadas às questões sociais, como a pobreza. O estudo demonstra que as multinacionais estão sujeitas a baixas pressões coercitivas, em virtude da ausência de regulações claras e mecanismos internacionais de fiscalização. As empresas de petróleo e gás estão expostas
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