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The aim of this work was to compare the use of local intrauterine moist heat infusion to intrauterine antibiotics infusion, for treatment of subclinical endometritis which affects reproduction and milk production. 42 repeat breeder cows were divided into 4 groups, group 1 was the untreated control (=10 cows). Group 2 (=10 cows) was treated by 50 ml of Oxytetracycline 5% intrauterine for three successive weeks. Group 3 (=10 cows) intrauterine infusion with 30 ml saline adding to them 10 ml Gentamycin 10% and 10 ml penicillin and streptomycin for three successive weeks. Group 4 (=12 cows) intrauterine infusion with 50 ml sterile boiling water (≈100˚C) was applied directly to the uterus for only one time. Leukogram was done before and after treatment, it showed leukocytosis and neutrophilia in all the study groups. After treatment for 36 hours and one week, there were no significant changes in the leukogram results of groups 1, 2 and 3. While in Group 4 showed decreasing in numbers of leukocytes (11.92 ± 0.75) and neutrophils (0.87 ± 0.16) to its normal limits after 36 hours and one-week post-treatment. Our new method gave the highest cumulative pregnancy rate 83.3% while other groups using antibiotics or antibiotics with saline gave lower pregnancy rate 40% and 50% respectively (P > 0.001). We named this new treatment method "Samia-treat; SAT". SAT is a whole new and effective treatment for cases of repeat breeder which are caused by SCE in dairy cows; it caused increase in reproductive performance and cumulative pregnancy rate without over use of antibiotics.

Ivermectin is the medication of choice for treating human onchocerciasis and is used in veterinary medicine to treat a variety of ectoparasites and endoparasites. This study was designed to investigate the effects of zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) on the fertility of male rabbits exposed to experimental ivermectin (IVM) intoxication. A total of 72 mature male rabbits were equally divided into 4 groups (n = 18). The first group (CTR) served as control; the second group (IVM) received subcutaneous injection of IVM (0.2 mg/kg body weight); the third group (ZnNPs) fed on zinc nanoparticles (60 mg/kg diet); and the fourth group (ZnNPs + IVM) were administered IVM and zinc nanoparticles at the same doses. The experiment lasted for 9 weeks. Results revealed that IVM-intoxicated rabbits showed impaired growth performance parameters, including body weight, total body weight gain (TBWG), total feed intake (TFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Moreover, carcass characteristic and fertility parameters (including semen quality parameters and testosterone levels) were also impaired after IVM administration. Additionally, testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase) levels as well as the histopathology and immunohistochemical expression of caspase 3 and PCNA in the testes and epididymis were detrimentally affected. On the contrary, ZnNP administration efficiently improved most of these parameters in IVM-intoxicated rabbits. In conclusion, ZnNPs exhibited promising ability for improving the growth and fertility status of rabbits and reducing the deleterious effects of IVM possibly through the suppression of apoptotic and oxidative pathways. Graphical Abstract

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