RESUMO: O estudo objetivou identificar e avaliar as principais causas e frequências de condenações de vísceras bovinas em frigoríficos sob regime de inspeção estadual no município de Itaituba -PA. Para elaboração da pesquisa, foram consultados relatórios mensais de dois abatedouros frigoríficos denominados A e B referentes ao ano de 2016. No período avaliado, foram abatidos 9.913 bovinos, dos quais 2.791 eram machos e 7.122 fêmeas, com total de 5.119 casos de condenações de vísceras. O pulmão foi o órgão que apresentou maior índice de condenações com 36,02%, seguido pelo fígado (25.12%); rins (22.47%) e coração (16.39%). A aspiração de conteúdo ruminal respondeu por 25.65% das condenações, seguida pela aspiração de sangue (19.74%); congestão (14.37%); pleurite (13.34%); contaminação (11.28%); enfisema (11.23%) e bronquite (3.31%). Em fígados, a telangiectasia foi a que apresentou maior índice com 29.21% dos casos, seguido da congestão (26.51%); contaminação (25.16%) e periepatite (18.41%). Nos rins, o cisto urinário foi a causa que apresentou maior frequência de condenação, respondendo por 30.87% seguido de isquemia (30%); congestão (22.35%) e nefrite (16.61%). Nos corações, a principal ocorrência que registrou maior frequência foi a congestão, representando 51.25% das condenações; seguida de pericardite (28,72%); contaminação (18.24%) e cisticercose (1.19%). Dentre as vísceras inspecionadas, os pulmões foram os mais afetados, seguido dos fígados, rins e coração, sendo a maioria dos descartes efetuados por falhas tecnológicas nos abatedouros. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Abate, Patologia, Telangiectasia. CONVICTIONS OF BOVINE VISCERA IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ITAITUBA -PAABSTRACT: the aim of this study was to identify and evaluate the main causes and frequency of condemnation of cattle viscera in State slaughterhouses in the municipality of Itaituba -PA, Brazil. Monthly reports of two slaughterhouses pertaining to the year 2016 were examined. In the evaluated period, 9,913 cattle were analyzed, 2,791 of which were male and 7,122 female,

No abstract

O banheiro ecológico surge como alternativa de saneamento descentralizado, e este artigo propõe descrever a experiência de banheiros secos como uma alternativa sustentável para as comunidades no interior da Amazônia. Para desenvolver esse estudo, foi escolhida como lócus da investigação a comunidade Alter do Chão, no município de Santarém (PA). A seleção dos sujeitos das entrevistas aconteceu a partir da identificação de pontos onde há construção dos banheiros ecológicos, com o intuito de discutir os princípios defendidos pelas tecnologias implantadas na sua construção e quais os benefícios e dificuldades dessa construção, apontando suas características, vantagens e desvantagens. Os banheiros secos apresentam um caráter tecnológico de fácil manejo e baixo custo de operação e construção. Portanto, entende-se que essa técnica é a melhor solução sanitária a ser construída nessas regiões.

Abstract:The present study was undertaken with the objective to compare the influence of seasonal temperature variations on parameters of ejaculates of Murrah buffalo bulls raised in the humid tropical Amazonian climate. Five buffaloes were selected from a batch of 12 adult bulls, pre-evaluated for clinical and andrological examination, and were used as semen donors, using as criterion the best ejaculate quality. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to test the hypothesis that season affects buffalo semen quality in tropical regions. The experimental period was divided into two phases: rainy season (RS), from February to May, and non rainy season (nRS), from August to November 2016. The ejaculates were collected twice a week (n=30) per bull, namely 10 ejaculates in the RS and 20 ejaculates in the nRS period, totaling (n=150) samples for analysis. The evaluations of the semen samples were performed with fresh semen, immediately after each collection. The immediate analyzes pertinent to the physical and morphological characteristics of the ejaculates showed that a significant statistical difference was observed for the parameters wave motion, motility, vigor, major defects, minor defects, total defects and plasma membrane integrity between the both periods (P<0.05). In the mesoregion of the Lower Amazon, a tropical region, the ideal period for experiments using buffalo ejaculates, are the months of the rainy season. For in this period a better quality without ejaculate of buffaloes was observed.

Awareness of the physiological changes that occur when animals are subjected to climatic changes that are considered stressful is essential to maintain animal welfare and to be able to exploit their reproductive potential efficiently and rationally. The present study was carried out to evaluate climatic variables’ influence on physiological parameters, and Murrah buffalo ejaculates reared in a humid tropical climate in the Amazon. The immediate analyzes pertinent to the physical and morphological characteristics of the ejaculates were carried out and corresponded in the rainy season (RS) volume of 3.4±2.0mL; the mass activity of 4.4±0.5; motility of 80.4±5.6%; vigor of 4.4±0.4; concentration of 657,300±237,865.1 x 106sptz/mL; major defects of 9.0±2.6%; minor defects of 11.2±3.9%; total defects 20.2±5.3% and sperm plasma membrane integrity (SPMI) 84.8±5.6%, whereas in the non-rainy season (nRS), the results were 4.0±2.1mL; the mass activity of 3.0±1.0; motility of 56.2±13.4%; vigor of 3.0±1.0; concentration of 586,000±291,925.9 x 106sptz/mL; major defects of 20.8±9.9%; minor defects of 27.5±6.3%; total defects 48.3±9.3% and SPMI of 57.9±12.4%. Furthermore, a statistical difference (P<0.05) was observed for the parameters mass activity, motility, vigor, major defects, minor defects, total defects, and sperm plasma membrane integrity between both periods. The data on heart frequency, superficial temperature (head, back, groin, and scrotal pouch) showed a statistical difference between both periods (P<0.05). To conclude is necessary specific management in the non-rainy season that thermal stress is not a determining factor in reducing the reproductive quality of buffaloes; it is necessary to use means to improve animal welfare; one alternative is to use baths regularly for these animals or provide constant access to areas of rivers or lakes, as well as shading, preventing the buffaloes from being directly exposed to the unfavorable thermal environment.