Background: Previous studies have shown that cytomegalovirus (CMV) induced innate immune response via activation of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The association between CMV among specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLR2 gene was also investigated. Objective: This study investigated the relationship between specific SNPs in the TLR2 gene (G>A), TLR2-Arg753Gln (rs5743708), and CMV replication after bone marrow transplantation. Methods: The TLR2-Arg753Gln SNP was genotyped in 181 patients after bone marrow transplantation: 83 and 98 patients with and without CMV infection, respectively. CMV load was determined in serially collected blood samples using real-time PCR. Genotyping was performed using specific sequence primer PCR (SSP-PCR), and the results were confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR-amplified fragments for GG (wild type), GA and AA identification. Results: Roughly, 85% of the patients screened for the presence of the TLR2-Arg753Gln were GG homozygous, and 15% were GA heterozygous; no patients were homozygous for the mutant allele (A). The GA heterozygous allele was more frequent in the CMV-infected group after bone marrow transplantation. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is a novel observation that supports the notion that the functional missense mutation (TLR2-Arg753Gln polymorphism) is possibly associated with CMV replication after bone marrow transplantation. This suggests a role for TLR2 in the innate immune response of human CMV infection in Egyptian bone marrow recipients..

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Background: Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is a pandemic illness that is especially common in health-care setting, nurses' educational institution must take efforts to protect themselves and others throughout the outbreak by preventing, isolating, and caring for infected Covid-19 patients. As a result, a high-quality nursing education program positive improve the quality of nursing care. Aim: To investigate effect of nursing educational program on Nurses′ knowledge and practices regarding pandemic Covid-19 in isolation Unit and chest department. Study design: Quasiexperimental research design was utilized in this study. Setting: The study was conducted in isolation unit and chest department at Assiut University Hospital. Sample: A convenience sample of all available nurses working in isolation unit and chest department (30 nurses). Tools: Two tools were used for data collection, Tool (I): Critical care nurses' knowledge assessment questionnaire sheet, Tool (II). Critical care nurse's practices observation checklist tool. Results: the two stated research hypotheses can be supported with (p value<0.001** ), nurses' total knowledge and total practices respectively should an improvement post educational program implementation and a positive correlation were found between them with (r =0.370 p value =0.044**). Conclusion: Application of educational program had statistically significant effect on knowledge and practices of nurses regarding caring of covid-19 patient. Recommendation: In-service training program for nurses are needed to keep their knowledge and practices up to date on the management of covid-19 patients.

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IntroductionChronic disease is a leading cause of death and disability that disproportionately burdens culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities. Self-management is a cornerstone of effective chronic disease management. However, research suggests that patients from CALD communities may be less likely to engage with self-management approaches. The Natural Helper Programme aims to facilitate patient engagement with self-management approaches (ie, ‘activation’) by embedding cultural mentors with lived experience of chronic disease into chronic disease clinics/programmes. The Natural Helper Trial will explore the effect of cultural mentors on patient activation, health self-efficacy, coping efforts and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) while also evaluating the implementation strategy.Methods and analysisA hybrid type-1 effectiveness-implementation cluster-randomised controlled trial (phase one) and a mixed-method controlled before-and-after cohort extension of the trial (phase 2). Hospital clinics in highly multicultural regions in Australia that provide healthcare for patients with chronic and/or complex conditions, will participate. A minimum of 16 chronic disease clinics (clusters) will be randomised to immediate (active arm) or delayed implementation (control arm). In phase 1, the active arm will receive a multifaceted strategy supporting them to embed cultural mentors in their services while the control arm continues with usual care. Each cluster will recruit an average of 15 patients, assessed at baseline and 6 months (n=240). In phase 2, clusters in the control arm will receive the implementation strategy and evaluate the intervention on an additional 15 patients per cluster, while sustainability in active arm clusters will be assessed qualitatively. Change in activation over 6 months, measured using the Patient Activation Measure will be the primary effectiveness outcome, while secondary effectiveness outcomes will explore changes in chronic disease self-efficacy, coping strategies and HRQoL. Secondary implementation outcomes will be collected from patient–participants, mentors and healthcare providers using validated questionnaires, customised surveys and interviews aligning with the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance framework to evaluate acceptability, reach, dose delivered, sustainability, cost-utility and healthcare provider determinants.Ethics and disseminationThis trial has full ethical approval (2021/ETH12279). The results from this hybrid trial will be presented at scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12622000697785.