Based on social learning theory, the present study investigates the influence of inclusive leadership on employees’ helping behaviors. Further, psychological mechanisms (psychological safety and psychological engagement) are investigated in the relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ helping behaviors. The data was collected in three time-lags through a questionnaire from 409 nurses working in the health sector of Pakistan. The collected data was analyzed through IBM-SPSS and AMOS to test the proposed model. The study’s findings show that inclusive leadership positively influences employees helping behaviors. Moreover, the psychological factors (i.e., safety and engagement) mediate the relationship between inclusive leadership and employees’ helping behaviors. Theoretical and practical implications for managers, practitioners, and organizations are discussed, while study limitations and directions for future research are also highlighted.

Purpose- The objective of this project paper is to find out which factor is contributing to the highest level of job satisfaction and identify the most satisfying and least satisfying factor selected in the study. The company's employees are highly satisfied which is a matter of curiosity. It has motivated the researcher to find out the factors that is contributing towards the highest level of job satisfaction. Methodology/sampling- The research report has followed a descriptive analytical approach; a stratified random sampling of 40 out of 100 employees was used for analysis. Using descriptive and causal techniques- based survey; the data were collected through a close- ended questionnaire coupled with Likert scale. Data has been analysed by applying Regression, ANOVA and Correlation tests. Findings- The result indicated that among four factors work environment has the highest magnitude that is contributing towards the highest level of job satisfaction of a multinational company's employees of Pakistan. The study concluded that in order to gain competitive advantage and adapt to the dramatic changing environment it is important for them to achieve management efficiency by increasing employee satisfaction in the organization. Practical Implications- Since the company is working effectively and efficiently and has succeeded in satisfying its employees at its par excellence therefore it will provide a benchmark to other Pakistani organization.

BackgroundThe plant biomass and agro-industrial wastes show great potential for their use as attractive low cost substrates in biotechnological processes. Wheat straw and corn cob as hemicellulosic substrates were acid hydrolyzed and enzymatically saccharified for high xylose production. The hydrolysate was concentrated and fermented by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces for production of xylitol.ResultsAcid hydrolysis of wheat straw and corn cob in combination with enzymatic hydrolysis showed great potential for production of free sugars from these substrates. Kluyveromyces produced maximum xylitol from acid treated wheat straw residues with enzymatic saccharification. The percentage xylitol yield was 89.807 g/L and volumetric productivity of 0.019 g/L/h. Kluyveromyces also produced maximum xylitol from corn cob acid hydrolyzed liquor with xylitol yield 87.716 g/L and volumetric productivity 0.018 g/L/h.ConclusionPlant and agro-industrial biomass can be used as a carbohydrate source for the production of xylitol and ethanol after microbial fermentation. This study revealed that wheat straw acid and enzyme hydrolyzed residue proved to be best raw material for production of xylitol with S. cerevisiae. The xylitol produced can be utilized in pharmaceuticals after purification on industrial scale as pharmaceutical purposes.

Purpose Environmental performance (EnPerf) needs to be critically studied so organizations can understand enhancing it. The purpose of this study is mainly to examine and explain the influence of beliefs and values of the human resources regarding religiosity (REL) and workplace spirituality (WS) on shaping an environmentally friendly work culture comprising environmental ethics (EE) and environmental passion (EP), to enhance EnPerf. Design/methodology/approach A survey methodology was used, and 316 responses were collected from the employees working in industries on the top list of polluting the environment using purposive sampling. Structural equation modeling was deployed to test the hypotheses. Findings This research is conducted to identify specific relationships of variables with the environment. It was discovered that WS affected EP and EE, positively affecting EnPerf. Research limitations/implications This study guides organizations and their management to adopt WS, EE and EP, as these all increase EnPerf in the organization. Originality/value Not much work has been conducted on the environmental culture based on REL and WS, using the ability-motivation-opportunity theory. This research analyzes employees’ intrinsic factors, such as REL and WS, to develop EP and EE. Thus helping to comprehend how they can use to enhance EnPerf, which is the current priority for the organizations.

As customers are getting prone to technology and have easy access to information, creating loyal customers is becoming a challenge for service providers. Therefore, it becomes important for companies to take corresponding actions proactively. The study has been conducted within the apparel industry of Karachi. Data has been collected from the young Apparel Brand users within Karachi and analyzed through SPSS and PLS-SEM. It has been analyzed that customer satisfaction and rapport have a significant impact on customer loyalty and the repurchase intention of the customer. The quality of the service offered to the customer plays a significant role in achieving customer satisfaction and enhancing their loyalty which helps in achieving the repurchase intention of the customer. The present study highlights the measures that managers need to take for strengthening customer loyalty which results in repurchase behavior and positive word of mouth. It will develop an understanding of how the better allocation of the available organizational resources can be carried out which will help in increasing the repurchase intention of the customer. For the success of any organization, a greater proportion of satisfied customers is required and the organization needs to enhance its satisfaction and loyalty level.