ABSTRACT105 hort of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The criteria of inclusion were patients with T2D of both genders using oral glucose-lowering medication(s) alone and/or with once-or twice-daily insulin. The criteria of exclusion were patients with a history of hematological, neoplastic, renal, hepatic or thyroid diseases, or patients receiving treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs. Patients with acute or chronic infections and autoimmune disease also excluded from the study. A total number of fifty-two patients (12 male and 40 females) with a median age of 57 year admitted in this study. Anthropometric measurements that related to the cardio-metabolic risk factors were measured. They included height (m), weight (kg), waist circumference (cm) and hip circumference (cm). The body mass index (BMI) and waist/hip ratio (W/H) were calculated. According to the BMI values the patients were categorized: normal (BMI < 25 kg/m2), over weight (BMI: 25-29 kg/m2), and obese (BMI: ≥ 30 kg/m2). A value of W/H ratio > 0.9 (male) and 0.8 (female) indicated central obesity.The blood pressure was measured on sitting position and the mean of three readings recorded. Pulse and mean arterial pressures calculated using the following formula: Pulse pressure (mm Hg) = Systolic blood pressure -diastolic blood pressure Mean arterial blood pressure = Diastolic blood pressure + 1/3 (Pulse pressure)Participants enrolled in the study subjected to echocardiography (B mode) investigation. The echocardiography investigation performed from the patient left side so that the transducer (with a frequency of 2-4MHz) is at the long axis of the heart. Echocardiography data that related to systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction were recorded and these included: shortening fraction (%), stroke vol-
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.