Novel concepts and understanding of receptors lead to discoveries and optimization of many small molecules and antibodies as anti-cancerous drugs. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are such a promising class of receptors under the investigation in past three decades. RTKs are one of the essential mediators of cell signaling mechanism for various cellular processes. Transformations such as overexpression, dysregulation, or mutations of RTKs may result into malignancy, and thus are an important target for anticancer therapy. Numerous subfamilies of RTKs, such as epidermal growth factor receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptors, insulin-like growth factor receptor, and hepatocyte growth factor receptor, have been being investigated in recent years as target for anticancer therapy. The present review focuses several small molecules drugs as well as monoclonal antibodies targeting aforesaid subfamilies either approved or under investigation to treat the various cancers.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli seems to be emerging in veterinary science impacting major threat to public health due to resistance to golden age antibiotics. In this study a total of 109 samples (42 faecal and 67 mastitis milk) of bovines were collected from different regions of North Gujarat. The samples were cultured and identified by standard procedures. The screening for ESBLs production was performed by using Cefotaxime and Cefotaxime+Clavulanate (Combination disc screening method). A total of 71 E. coli isolates were recovered from 109 samples processed, out of which thirty (42.25%) isolates (17 from milk and 13 from faecal) were positive for ESBLs showing multiple resistance to the antibiotics used. The ESBL confirmed isolates were further processed for detection of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes. Major gene detected was blaTEM in 17 (23.94%) E. coli isolates. Antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli isolates was studied against eleven commonly used antimicrobial drugs in the northern region of Gujarat. The results recorded resistance tofollowing antibiotics: tetracycline (100%), ampicillin/sulbactum (83.10%), amoxiclav and gentamicin (83.10%), chloramphenicol (57.74%), ceftriaxone (66.19%), cefoperazone (66.19%), ciprofloxacin (74.65%), amikacin (57.74%), enrofloxacin (74.65%) and, levofloxacin (74.65%).