Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a fast growing rapid prototyping (RP) technology due to its ability to build functional parts having complex geometrical shapes in reasonable build time. The dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, mechanical strength and above all functionality of built parts are dependent on many process variables and their settings. In this study, five important process parameters such as layer thickness, orientation, raster angle, raster width and air gap have been considered to study their effects on three responses viz., tensile, flexural and impact strength of test specimen. Experiments have been conducted using central composite design (CCD) and empirical models relating each response and process parameters have been developed. The models are validated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, bacterial foraging technique is used to suggest theoretical combination of parameter settings to achieve good strength simultaneously for all responses.

How to cite this article: S. Fareed Ul Hameed, S. Habeeb Mohammed, P. Karuppasamy. Evaluation of peripheral lower limb insufficiency among patients with diabetes mellitus using doppler ultrasound -an prospective study. International Journal of Contemporary Medicine Surgery and Radiology. 2020;5(1):A1-A5. Results: The most common artery involvement was found to be dorsapaedalis artery in 26% of the cases followed by proximal femoral and distal femoral in 18% of the cases whereas there were 12% cases with popliteal artery and distal artery branches involvement. The most common site of lesion involved was proximal femoral artery and dorsapaedalis artery seen in 26% of the cases (both) whereas distal femoral artery (DFA) was found in 10% of the cases, poplitial artery (PA) in 18% of the cases followed by posterior tibial artery (PTA) and anterior tibial artery (ATA) in 8% and 12% of the cases respectively. Conclusion: Peripheral vascular insufficiency was a significant finding in patients having diabetes for 1-10 years. The dorsalispaedis artery was the commonest site of involvement. The normal Doppler study virtually rules out a haemodynamically significant lesion and helps to prevent unnecessary intervention.

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