Restoration of swallowing in a patient with dysphagia due to nondilatable corrosive stricture of esophagus remains a surgical challenge. Organs available for replacement are stomach, jejunum, or colon. Jejunum is useful to replace a small segment, whereas stomach and colon are required for a long-segment replacement. In cases where the stomach is also injured, colon remains the only option. The route of colonic interposition has also been a subject of debate over the years. Antesternal, retrosternal, or esophageal bed passage are the routes described. In the present series, the data of antesternal colonic interposition (ACI) performed for nondilatable benign esophageal strictures in 32 patients have been retrospectively analyzed. The results indicate that ACI for corrosive strictures is a quick and simple procedure. Thoracotomy is avoided and anastomosis is easily performed in the neck, and mortality rate due to anastomotic failure or graft failure is diminished. This retrospective analysis discusses the ease, effectiveness, quality of life, morbidity, and mortality of ACI and compares the pros and cons of ACI with other procedures described in the literature.

Pseudoaneurysm of hepatic artery is a rare but known complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Such pseudoaneurysms may bleed in biliary tree, upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract or peritoneal cavity leading to life-threatening internal haemorrhage. It is very rare for them to present as lower GI bleeding. We report an unusual case of Right hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm developed following LC, which ruptured into hepatic flexure of colon resulting in catastrophic lower GI bleeding. This was associated with partial celiac artery occlusion due to thrombosis. Due to failure of therapeutic embolisation, the patient was subjected to exploratory laparotomy to control haemorrhage. Postoperatively, patient recovered well and was discharged on postoperative day 10. A strong index of suspicion is necessary for early diagnosis of such condition and to limit resultant morbidity. Angioembolisation is the first-line treatment and surgery is indicated in selected cases.

Case Report Development of the umbilicus is one of the most complex embryological processes in human beings which subjects to large number of malformations. Majority of this malformations manifest in the neonatal period, rarely they manifest in early adult life as symptom of umbilical discharge. Common causes in adults for umbilical discharge are acquired conditions and foreign bodies. We report case of 24 year female with chronic umbilical discharege since 3 years. She had inserted Copper T 4 years back after her first delivery. During prenatal checkup of second pregnancy, Copper T was missing in in utero which was deemed that would have been expelled per vaginally. After second delivery Coper T was inserted in Post-paartum period. Later on she develop complaint of lower abdominal pain and persistent purulent umbilical discharge since 6 months. On investigation we found the previous Copper-T in between the Rectus sheaths on the right side which formed a tract and was draining a seropurulent discharge through the umbilicus.

BACKGROUND Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio-Pancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that uses a combination of luminal endoscopy and fluoroscopic imaging for diagnosis and treatment of pancreato-biliary system disorders. ERCP also has its own adverse effects which can be mild to severe and even life threatening. 1,2 The common side effects of ERCP are: • Pancreatitis. • Haemorrhage. • Perforation. • Cholangitis. In this study, we are going to assess the role of prophylactic octreotide in preventing ERCP induced pancreatitis. The objectives of the study were-1. To find out the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis. 2. To evaluate the role of octreotide in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis.