Background: This survey was conducted to determine the level of aggression among the Iranian adult population and underlying predisposing factors. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 10,957 participants, involving 23 out of the 31 provinces of Iran in 2019. The outcome of interest was aggression, evaluated by the Buss & Perry aggression questionnaire. The association between aggression and 34 demographic, behavioral, social, and cultural characteristics was assessed using simple and multiple linear regression. Results: The overall mean (SD) score of aggression was 77.10 (22.53). Based on the severity of aggression, the participants were categorized into four groups as follows: 2,464 (23.1%) nonaggressive, 4,692 (43.9%) mild, 3,071 (28.8%) moderate, and 454 (4.2%) severe aggressive. Aggression was more likely to occur in people with the following characteristics: younger ages, having several siblings, lower ranks of birth, having an intimate friend of the opposite sex, having an aggressive father/mother, history of parental divorce, interest in watching action/porn movies, listening to music, history of escape from home/school, using neuropsychiatric drugs, using illicit drugs, history of suicidal thoughts/attempt, and family conflict and hostility. Aggression was less likely to occur with the following characteristics: reading, regular physical exercise, the ability to control anger, regular prayer, adherence to avoid lying, respect to other people's rights, sexual satisfaction, and attachment to parents. Conclusions: A majority of the population has some degree of aggression. Aggression is a multifactorial behavior corresponding with several demographical, social, cultural, and religious factors, some of which back to early childhood events.

Background: Our knowledge on the prevalence of high-risk behaviors among women of Alborz is not reliable due to the sensitivity of the issue. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of seven risk behaviors among the reproductive age women in Alborz Province, Iran. Method: In this cross-sectional study, 2000 women were randomly selected from a registered healthcare system in 2019. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The prevalence of the risk behaviors including drug abuse, hookah, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, extramarital intercourse, and gambling was estimated using the unmatched count technique, and the prevalence rate was reported at a 95% confidence interval. Results: The response rate for this study was 95%. The estimated prevalence for drug abuse, hookah, alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking, extramarital intercourse, and gambling were 3% (

Aims Our knowledge of the prevalence of high-risk behaviors among Iranian adolescents is controversial. This paper was aimed to estimate the prevalence of drug abuse, alcohol consumption, smoking, hookah, and extramarital sex among Iranian adolescents with a systematic approach. Information & Methods In this meta-analyses study, the databases were searched up to date of 2020/1/21 that searched major international databases including Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus, and some national databases include SID, IranDoc, Magiran, and a reference list of the selected studies to obtain the relevant studies until 2020/02/21. PRISMA checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist were used. Stata 11 software was used to analyze data. Findings Out of 8047 studies identified at initial phase, 37 studies were eligible for metaanalysis. The pooled prevalence of drug abuse, alcohol consumption, smoking, hookah and extramarital sex were 4% (95% CI: 3% to 5%), 9% (95% CI: 6% to 10%), 9% (95% CI: 7% to 10%), 20% (95% CI: 14% to 25%) and 20% (95% CI: 9% to 31%), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of high-risk behaviors in Iranian adolescents is high. Taking primary prevention measures to reduce prevalence is recommended by legal and health measures.