A multidrug-resistant Staphylococcal species including Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis that colonizing patients with acne vulgaris were investigated for the presence of resistance determinants. Acne vulgaris patients are usually subjected to topical antibiotic treatment including erythromycin and fusidic acid as the first line of treatments, which have been associated with resistance development. In this study, we attempt to investigate the dissemination of resistance determinants exclusively related to fusidic acid antibiotics mainly the horizontally transmitted fusB and fusC genes among the SCCmecA harboring isolates using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Our results suggested amplified resistance to fusidic acid with a large abundance magnitude of fusC gene among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates, while an increased abundance of fusB gene among Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates compared to other resistance determinants. Conclusion: patients with acne vulgaris who were subjected to a previous fusidic acid treatments should consider treatment with alternative antibiotics other than fusidic acid, to achieve maximum treatment benefits considering clindamycin and aminoglycoside.

The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and microbiological efficiency of Fluoride, Xylitol and combined Fluoride -Xylitol toothpastes on some salivary parameters in children by measuring salivary pH, salivary flow rate, salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus counts. Toothpastes were prepared by mortar and pestle technique. They were then evaluated for physicochemical properties like pH, cleanability, physical appearance, spreadability, abrasiveness, foaming power, homogeneity, content of moisture and volatile substances, and drug content. Twenty one normal apparently healthy children were selected from the Outpatient Dental Clinic of Pedodontic Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University. Children were randomly divided into three groups: children who brushed their teeth with fluoride toothpaste, children who brushed their teeth with xylitol toothpaste and children who brushed their teeth with combined fluoride xylitol toothpaste. Salivary samples were obtained from all groups and examined for salivary parameter changes (flow rate, pH) and microbiological assessment for (S. mutans and Lactobacilli) was done. All data were collected, tabled and statistically analyzed. Statistical significance was measured using p value. Xylitol was superior in increasing salivary flow rate and decreasing mean of S. mutans when compared to fluoride while Fluoride was superior in decreasing mean of Lactobacilli when compared to xylitol. Both had the same effect on increasing salivary pH.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a critical health problem. It is the second cause of death globally and the third world's most frequently diagnosed. Multiple evidences and suggestion imply the relationship of gut microbiota and colorectal cancer carcinogenesis. The different omics techniques like, metagenomic, metaproteomic and metabolomic approaches have led to important advances in the study of the intestinal microbiome, the host as well as the intestinal environment. Different bacterial species, proteins and metabolites have a crucial role in colorectal cancer screening, detection and recurrence. Integration of these three omics analysis in drawing attention to reveal taxonomic and functional structure of human gut microbiota in addition several protein and metabolites detection had helped in construction of microbial communities and their diversity in colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls besides that these bacterial species, metabolites and proteins could be used as a critical biomarkers candidate in colorectal cancer detection, prognosis and recurrence.

Natural products played a key role in drug discovery. More than 50% of currently available FDA-approved drugs are either directly or indirectly derived from natural origin. However, novel therapeutic agents such as antimicrobial and anticancer drugs are continuously in demand. Marine environment is the most recent promising target for discovering new bioactive natural products. Sponges are sessile marine invertebrates which are known to be a rich source of structurally unique and chemically diverse secondary metabolites with potent biological activities. These metabolites have been frequently hypothesized to be of bacterial origin. More than 99 % of bacteria are challenging to be cultured under the frequently laboratory conditions so culture independent techniques such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics have been used as effective tools to study the sponges associated bacterial community. These techniques also provide a mean of discovering new bioactive metabolites from the associated communities with the help of many computational and bioinformatics tools.