No abstract

With the recent technological advances in wireless communications, integrated digital circuits, and micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS); development of wireless sensor networks has been enabled and become dramatically feasible. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are large networks made of a numerous number of sensor nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. Many various routing, power management, and data dissemination protocols have been designed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) dependent on both the network architecture and the applications that it is designed for. In this paper, we present the state of the art of wireless sensor networks' architecture and design features. Also, in this paper, we introduce recent work on routing protocols for WSNs and their design goals and challenges. Also, an overview of the application that WSNs assist in is presented. Finally, several open research questions of wireless sensor networks management and issues are suggested and put forward.

The Gnutella protocol requires peers to broadcast messages to their neighbors when they search files. The message passing generates a lot of traffic in the network, which degrades the quality of service. We propose the new method to optimize the speed of search and to improve the quality of service in a Gnutella based peer-to-peer environment with using semantic routing and priority of nodes. Once peers generate their "friends lists", they use these lists to route queries in the network. This helps to reduce the search time and to decrease the network traffic by minimizing the number of messages circulating in the system as compared to standard Gnutella.