Temporomandibular disorder is a multifactorial disease that causes pain in the jaw and face area with nondental origin, which frequently limits talking, chewing, and other jaw activities. Various factors such as malocclusion, trauma, stress, parafunctional habits (clenching and bruxing), osteoarthritis, and synovitis play a role in its occurrence, although the etiology of these disorders is little understood. Several treatments are being used to treat these disorders. Ozone therapy has been recently introduced as one of these treatments. Considering that no extensive study has been found in this field so far, this study is aiming to report the studies that have been conducted to determine the efficacy of ozone injection therapy in temporomandibular joint disorders. This report addresses the studies which are conducted clinically, experimentally, and semi-experimentally over the past 10 years (2009–2019). The prepared articles are screened according to the inclusion criteria. In this study, total six related articles are addressed. One study was pre- and postintervention, and five studies were clinical trials. Studies show that although more studies are needed in contrast with occlusal splint, ozone therapy is generally more effective treatment for pain reduction compared to medication.
Background: There is limited therapy for management of Bell' palsy. However, none of the treatment modalities are effective, thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS), as an adjuvant therapy, for management of Bell's palsy. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 46 patients with unilateral Bell's palsy were enrolled and were divided to two parallel groups an intervention and control groups. The intervention group was under treatment with oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day for two weeks and, continued with physical therapy/daily and rTMS/five sessions a week (1000 stimuli, 120% motor threshold) for two weeks and the control group was under treatment with oral prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day for two weeks and continued with physical therapy/daily for two weeks. The outcome was measured with the facial disability index (FDI), House-Brackmann (H-B) scale and World Health Organization quality of life (WHOQOL)-BREF questionnaire at baseline, and two and four weeks after therapy. Results: The physical and social functions of FDI and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire in the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group after four weeks. Also, H-B grading in the intervention group was better than the control group after four weeks. Conclusions: The rTMS as adjuvant therapy may be an active, non-invasive, and safe method for management of Bell's palsy.
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