was recognized to cause a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, China. 1,2 It has rapidly spread to other areas of the world. [2][3][4] In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. 5 As of December 23, 2021, there have been 276 436 619 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 5 374 744 deaths, reported to WHO. 6 Person-to-person contact and respiratory droplets are the two major routes of transmission of COVID-19 infection to humans. The usual incubation period for COVID-19 is 14 days. 7 The Final diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on the real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method. 8,9 Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, loss of taste or smell, diarrhea, and nausea. 2,3,10,11 Based on the epidemiologic data, COVID-19 has a lower mortality rate with a higher degree of infectivity than the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus. 12,13 But, underlying disease (i.e., hypertension, diabetes, and cancer) could increase mortality in COVID-19 patients. 14 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped, and positive single-stranded RNA virus and belongs to the Coronaviridae family of viruses. 15 Currently, different types of COVID-19 vaccines such as mRNA-based vaccine and viral vector vaccine have been developed for the prevention of COVID-19. The vaccine is the best way for the protection against COVID-19 but disadvantages of COVID-19 vaccines include: -Short-term immunization -Need for booster doses -Severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis (occurs rarely) -Unknown long-term side effects Also, the rate of vaccination is still low in many low-and lowermiddle-income countries. On the other hand, oral agent is usually
