The results can be used in TPS.

The conventional treatment planning system (TPS) gives analytical calculations with ± 15 to 20% dose, which may lead to over exposure of critical organs or under dose of target. It is to obtain dose distribution parameters of nucletron high dose rate (HDR) microselectron v2 (mHDR-v2) 192 Ir brachytherapy source by experiment and by calculated study using Monte Carlo (MC) EGSnrc code, and to find the similarity between them, and with any past study. To validate data, another MC GEANT4 study done in this work on the same source is also presented. Different software of the computer e.g. paint, excel, etc are employed for preparation of figures and graphs. The measured study of the source was done using an in-air ionization chamber, water phantom, and measurement set-up, while the calculated study was done by modeling the set up of the measured study by using the MC EGSnrc and GEANT4. Mean and probability are used in calculation of average values, and calculation of the uncertainties in result and discussion. The measured and calculated values of dose rate constant, radial dose function, and 2D anisotropy function were found to be in agreement with each other as well as with published data. The results of this study can be used as input to TPS.

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Dysprosium (Dy 3+) ion-doped GdAlO 3 nanophosphors were fabricated by using a high temperature solid state reaction method. X-ray diffraction measurements were used to investigate the phase and crystal size of these phosphors. The morphology of the powder was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The band structure of the phosphor was determined by recording the UV absorption spectra and Tauc plot. The optical behaviour of the phosphors was determined by measuring their photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The PL spectra show characteristic blue (489 nm) and green (567 nm) emissions corresponding to the energy level transitions of Dy 3+ .

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