This study is conducted for the determination of heavy metals concentration like Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, Cd, Cu and Pb in five edible vegetables (Cauliflower, Cabbage, Cucumber, Lady finger and Tomato), five edible Fruits (Water melon, peach, Banana, Mango (Sindhri & Langra) and apple) and peel of all these Fruits and endocarp of apple. Samples were purchased from the Local Market of Quetta city (Capital of Balochistan). Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ((FAAS, Thermo-Electron Corporation, S4 AA System, Ser. No, GE711544, China) double beam and deuterium background hollow cathode lamps of Fe, Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni and Mn were used at specific wavelengths for the determination of heavy metals concentration. Samples were run three times and at least three or four standards are used for each metal analysis. Concentration of Fe, Mn, and copper were very much below the permissible limits defined by WHO/FAO. Concentration of Ni was found at toxic level in cucumber. Concentration of Cd was above the safe value in all samples except banana fruit given by WHO/FAO. Concentration of Co was found above the limit defined by ASTDR 1994 in all the samples. Concentration of Pb with respect to the (China food hygiene standards 1994) 0.2mg/kg and WHO/FAO 0.3mg/kg is above the limit in all samples but it found very high in Tomato, Cabbage, Cucumber, Peach and Watermelon. The overall result of this study reveals that the samples of vegetable and fruits are highly contaminated with heavy metals Co, Pb, Ni and Cd due to the usage of drainage water for watering them and their consumption can cause hazardous effect on human health.

Background: The aim of the current study was to elaborate the indigenous knowledge about the use of medicinal plants in the Hindukush range, Tehsil Mastuj, Chitral, Pakistan. The study's goal was to use quantitative ethnobotanical indices to chronicle indigenous knowledge about the treatment of various disorders, as well as to locate and describe traditional applications of medicinal plants in the area to highlight key medicinal plant species by comparing the results to previously published ethnobotanical and pharmacological data. The medicinal flora is on the verge of extinction due to overgrazing and injudicious use.Methods: We conducted interviews with residents of Mastuj. Semi-structured protocols with a free list of plants were used to collect information, as well as botanical collection and identification of mentioned plants. Use Value (UV) and Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR) were used to analyze ethnobotanical data.Results: 44 plants belonging to 25 families were identified. Of them 1 family was gymnosperm, and 24 families were angiosperms. There were 36 wild plants, 4 wild and cultivated, 3 cultivated plants. The information collected from the study area revealed that 38 plants were used for the treatment of various ailments and diseases i.e.

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New metal complexes including Ni (Ⅱ), Co (Ⅱ), Cu (Ⅱ), Fe (Ⅲ), Cr (Ⅲ), Cd (Ⅱ) and Zn ( Ⅱ ) have been synthesized from parent ligand N-methyl mnitrobenzohydroxamic acid. The condensation ratio is 2:1 of the ligand and metal salt (MX) in methanol. The ligand N-methyl m-nitrobenzohydroxamic has been prepared by the interaction of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride with m-nitrobenzoyl chloride. The coordination modes and bonding of the ligands along with its metal complexes have been identified by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques. It has been enumerated by spectroscopic techniques that the complex is formed via O, O-coordination to metal through the oxygen of carbonyl group and deprotonated hydroxyl group. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the ligand as well as its complexes have been estimated against two gram negative strains such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, one gram positive strain Escherichia coli and one fungal strain yeast. In addition to this the cytotoxicity and antitumor activities have been evaluated resistant to Brine shrimps eggs and Hela cell line respectively.

Introduction:  Ricket is a disorder of developing bones. It is secondary to the mineralization defect at growth plate matrix. In industrialization countries, the elimination of nutritional rickets or vitamin D deficiency has been done by prophylactic means. In under developed countries of Asia,it remains major health problem. There are a lot of factors which take part in synthesis of vitamin D. These factors include sun exposure, pigmentation of skin and pollution etc.  Objective: To determine the frequency of common factors leading to nutritional rickets among the children under 2 years of age. Results: Total 147 children under age of 2 years suffering with rickets were included in the study.1.5:1 was male to female ratio.13.74 months + 6.4SD was the average age of the patients with range 3-24 months .120(81.6%) sufferers have been observed with the lack of vitamin D supplementation followed by low maternal education 111 (75.5%). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation deficiency is main factor for children suffering from nutritional rickets.It is considered in the management of such patients.