This work presents the design of a 24 GHz DCO in an advanced 28-nm bulk CMOS technology for short-range Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave radar System-on-Chip for mobile and Internet-of-Things devices. The power minimization is therefore the primary focus. The oscillator consumes a record low power of 1.2 mW at a 0.65 V supply voltage. It achieves a very large frequency tuning range of 5.8 GHz (27%) and a 150 kHz resolution without significantly degrading the phase noise. The proposed design methodology results in a State-of-the-Art −193 dBc/Hz FoMT.

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This paper presents an analysis of different modulations that can be used at low-IF in short-range frequencymodulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars which are more sensitive to DC offsets and flicker noise. These modulations are also a key functionality in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) FMCW radars to implement orthogonality between the different transmit signals. Architectures with two PLLs, set at slightly different frequencies to create a low-IF, and one PLL, using OOK and BPSK modulations, are compared regarding their phase noise at the resulting IF signal. Measurements were performed on a COTS 60 GHz FMCW radar to validate the calculated and simulated results.

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