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It is against the background of the increasing incidence and indiscriminate springing up of informal automobile workshops in virtually every

Oil and gas exploration in Nigeria has contributed to global warming and climate change. The growing global impact of climate change and the need for resilience demand action to reform the impact thereof. This article reviews policy responses to reform climate change and global warming in Nigeria in light of oil exploration and gas flaring in the Niger Delta region. A desktop study of related literature, drawn from repositories such as SCOPUS, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, provided policy responses such as the Climate Change Act 2021, the implementation of the Nigeria Gas Flare Commercialisation Programme, and other gas utilisation programmes by the Nigerian National Petroleum Company, the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, and other global commitments to end gas flaring by 2030. The article reviews the provisions of climate change mitigation in these policy responses and how it was implemented in Nigeria. The review revealed the need for more commitment from Nigeria to various international agreements on climate change. It, therefore, recommends, among others, a better utilisation of gas from its oil-rich regions to meet the nation's power-generation need and other needs.

Increasing population explosion in Nigerian cities has been accompanied with diverse environmental challenges. One of the variants of such challenges is poor sanitation practices which persist despite series of governmental interventions. It is against this background that in this study, various sanitation challenges in Ibadan metropolis were evaluated with a view to proffering recommendations that will aid the achievement of best sanitation practices and a healthy city. In this study, secondary data were utilized and were sourced from environmental based journals and databanks of government agencies. A critical review of the existing situation revealed that population explosion coupled with high illiteracy rate of the inhabitants of Ibadan metropolis affects their waste management and sanitation practices. Also, many sanitation approaches in the city failed because they were not community oriented, hence citizen participation is minimal. A holistic community-based approach of sanitation practice through the involvement of traditional rulers and community-based organizations and sensitization programme using indigenous language is therefore recommended.

This study assessed the landuse characteristics of flood-prone areas (FPAs) in BirninKebbi Local Government Area. There are twelve FPAs in the study area, out of which three (Ambursa, Gwadagwanji, and Dagere) were randomly selected. In each of the FPA, flood plains were identified while a radius of 300 meters was delineated around the widest plain. Thereafter, landuse characterization was done. Also, 240 questionnaires were administered to elicit information on the impact of flooding. The major landuses in the study area are residential (56.73%), and agricultural (33.97%). Intensive farming, mostly rice plantation, is carried out in the study area – a practice that loosens the soil and makes it vulnerable to flooding. Unfortunately, there is no landuse regulation concerning agricultural practice and development in hazard zones in the area, and none of the developments in these areas is approved by the Kebbi State Urban Development Authority. All the sampled respondents have experienced flooding. With the Flood Impact Index (FII) of 0.22 and 0.08, the impacts of flooding in the area are displacement and loss of agricultural products. The paper, therefore, recommends the declaration of FPAs as hazard zones with landuse plans developed – both for agricultural landuses and built-up developments.