More than 200 colonies of the genus Longipeditermes were collected in our field surveys across the Sundaland region of Southeast Asia from 1998 to 2014. Two species, L. kistneri Akhtar & Ahmad and L. logipes Holmgren, are recognized and redescribed with color photographs of the workers and major soldiers. We use variation in characters of soldier caste (head capsules, antennae, and pronotum) and worker caste (antennae and mandibles) to distinguish these two species. Longipeditermes kistneri seems to prefer high-altitude forests (above 1,000 m) and has so far been found exclusively in Java and Sumatra, while L. logipes seems to prefer lowland and swamp forests and is widespread in the Greater Sundas.

Fungi and termite coexisted each other and have diverse symbiotic relationship in tropical forest. This research aims to determine the fungus found on termite nests in Suaq Balimbing Research Station so it can be used that as initial information in developing environmentally friendly termite control. The method used for collecting samples of fungus is a Standarized Sampling Protocol and for identification used slide culture method. The results showed that 5 of 12 termites nest are invaded by fungi. Based on macroscopic and microscopic observation, fungus species that obtained from termite nests are 2 species, namely: Penicillium sp.1, Trichoderma sp. 1

The genus Termes Linneus, 1758 consisting of a total of 24 valid named species known from the Old World, is a very heterogeneous group of termites and seems to involve many taxonomic obscurities and confusions. In the island of Sumatra, the sixth-largest island located in the Southeast Asian tropics, four species of Termes have been found, namely, T. comis, T. laticornis, T. rostratus, and T. propinquus. Termes propinquus is also known from Brunei, Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sumatra), Malaysia, and Thailand. However, previous authors have mentioned that T. propinquus has been poorly discriminated from the other congeners, especially T. rostratus. Therefore, the present study aimed at clarifying the discrimination of Termes propinquus from the morphologically similar congeners from Sumatra. A total of 14 nests were collected using a standardized sampling protocol and visual colony searching in Sumatra and its adjacent island. As a result of a careful morphological examination of the soldier caste, T. propinquus was discriminated from the three other congeners by a combination of the following characteristics: distinctly long frontal projection, larger head capsule, and 2nd antennal segment distinctly longer than the 3rd. The redescription of the soldier caste of T. propinquus and a key to Termes species known from Sundaland are provided. The nests of T. propinquus were attached to the bases of living trees, clinging to stumps or the bases of the dead tree, or were epigeal.

Oriensubulitermes inanis (Haviland) merupakan salah satu jenis rayap endemik dari Wilayah Oriental dan berperan sangat penting dalam proses dekomposisi di hutan tropis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsi ulang rayap O. inanis yang dikoleksi dari Indonesia sehingga dapat membantu berbagai pihak dalam identifikasi rayap di Indonesia. Pengoleksian rayap di lapangan dilakukan dengan Standardized Sampling Protocol (Jones & Eggketon 2000) dan konfirmasi keakuratan taksonomi dilakukan di the Natural History Museum UK) dan Florida University (USA). Koloni rayap O. inanis yang ditemukan sebanyak 21 koloni dari berbagai habitat dan ketinggian di Indonesia. Karakter mandible kasta pekerja merupakan karakter penting yang sangat efektif dalam identifikasi O. inanis. Rayap ini tersebar hampir di semua pulau-pulau utama di Kawasan Asia Tenggara, diantaranya Malay Peninsula, Borneo, dan Sumatra, akan tetapi tidak ditemukan di Jawa. Batang kayu lapuk, pangkal pohon, serta sarang rayap lainnya (epigeal mounds) merupakan media yang dipergunakan untuk mendirikan sarangnya. Jumlah individu dalam koloni yang relatif sedikit, kemampuan beradaptasi yang lemah terhadap perubahan lingkungan, kemampuan terbang laron yang terbatas, dan preferensi habitat sarang yang spesifik merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penyebaran rayap O. inanis di Indonesia.