New asymmetric cardanol-based porphyrins, free-base and coordinated with Ni, Co and Cu, were synthesized and completely characterized as A3B type. Such porphyrins were obtained aiming improved solubility in polar solvents due insertion of an −OH phenolic group. Their thermal and dielectric properties were also evaluated. Changes in the synthetic route reduced the reaction time and improved the yields of the aldehyde precursor obtainment. Electronic absorption spectra of the new porphyrins in CH 2 Cl 2 , EtOH and acetone, indicated a decrease in the ε (molar absorptivity) values with increasing solvent polarity, except for the nickel complex which, in acetone, showed a slight increase of 2% in the ε value. The dielectric measurements showed that the conductivity (σ) and the loss tangent (tan δ) increased with frequency, but the permittivity (ε') decreased. The results showed that the coordination of the porphyrin promoted a significant change in thermal and dielectric properties, specially for to the Ni-complex compound, which presented the best dielectric properties with interesting values of permittivity and loss tangent at 100 MHz (19.46 and 0.011 a.u., respectively). Keywords: asymmetric porphyrins, cardanol, dielectric properties IntroductionPorphyrins are relatively planar aromatic system consisting of four pyrrole type rings joined by four methynic carbons. They have attracted scientists from many areas due to their biological importance, their fascinating physical, chemical, and spectroscopic properties.1 These compounds have a high electron density due to its 18 π-electrons delocalized on the macrocyclic ring, which are responsible for their spectroscopic characteristics. 2Porphyrin and its derivatives play multiple roles in nature, such as energy transfer and light absorption in a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Such features are of great interest to the industry of optoelectronic components, such as solar cells, due to its ability to act as photosensitizers when irradiated under visible light.3 Thus, this is certainly one of the most promising areas of application for these compounds. The structural modeling and synthesis of new porphyrins has grown exponentially in order to control their electronic and thermal properties. 4 The addition of substituents at the meso positions and metal ions in the center of porphyrins can improve the electrical and magnetic properties, protecting against auto-oxidation and reducing the formation of dimers. However, these structural modifications can promote, in some cases, a significant decrease in their planarity. 5A simple way to obtain porphyrins is the acid catalyzed condensation reaction of pyrrole with specific aldehyde, followed by oxidation of the porphyrinogen. This procedure, originally developed by Rothemund,6 has been refined by [7][8][9] due to the addition of metal salts to the reaction. Despite the modest yields, the relative simplicity of this method has become suited for preparation of large amounts of tetraarylporphyrins. Higher yields an...

In this work, the meso-tetra[4-(2-(3-n-pentadecylphenoxy)ethoxy]phenylporphyrin (H2P), obtained from the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), and its zinc (ZnP) and copper (CuP) metallic complexes, were applied as emitting layers in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). These compounds were characterized via optical and electrochemical analysis and the electroluminescent properties of the device have been studied. We performed a cyclic voltammetry analysis to determine the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energy levels for the porphyrins, in order to select the proper materials to assemble the device. H2P and ZnP presented fluorescence emission band in the red region, from 601 nm to 718 nm. Moreover, we verified that the introduction of bulky substituents hinders the π–π stacking, favoring the emission in the film. In addition, the strongest emitter, ZnP, presented a threshold voltage of 4 V and the maximum irradiance of 10 μW cm−2 with a current density (J) of 15 mA cm−2 at 10 V. The CuP complex showed to be a favorable material for the design of OLEDs in the infrared. These results suggest that the porphyrins derived from a renewable source, such as CNSL, is a promising material to be used in organic optoelectronic devices such as OLEDs.

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Resumo O objetivo deste artigo foi demonstrar o impacto da Medida Provisória 2.186-16 e outras regulamentações na proteção de invenções em biotecnologia usando análise de indicadores de patentes. O método de pesquisa envolveu a utilização da Bibliometria e a amostra analisada foi 478.709 dados bibliográficos de documento de patente sobre biotecnologia depositadas mundialmente e indexados na base Derwent Innovations Index, no período de 2001 a 2015. Como resultado foram elaborados e analisados um conjunto de indicadores envolvendo o número de patentes por ano de indexação e ano e país de prioridade. Além disso, os dados de depósitos no Brasil foram extrapolados utilizando curvas logísticas para avaliar o efeito das mudanças nas regulações e procedimentos legais. Conclui-se que a intervenção da legislação no que se refere à atividade de patenteamento dos produtos ou processos gerados pela Biotecnologia, gerou um cenário de instabilidade no sistema de proteção legal no Brasil no assunto referido. Palavras-chave: biotecnologia, indicadores de ciência e tecnologia, legislação.

The present article illustrates the creation of a Smartwatch from the cardanol, the major constituent of the cashew nut shell liquid. In this proposal, cardanol was used in the synthesis of a photoactive pigment for the application in a dye-sensitized solar cell, inserted in the display of the device. The clock was made with the objective of measuring the ambient light radiation, through an electric signal corresponding to the incidence of light, using Arduino Nano 3.0 card for data storage, analysis and transmission via bluetooth. In addition, a phenolic resin was prepared from the cardanol to produce the watch carcass. A comparison between the cell assembled in this work and a silicon solar cell showed low relative errors regarding the captured electrical signal (ranging from 3.80-8.28 %) when compared to a solarimeter, proving that the mounted photovoltaic device can be used efficiently to measure solar radiation. The production of this Smartwatch showed advantages due to its portability, use of renewable raw material, and to serve as a pedagogical tool in an environmental education context.