The aim of this work was to study the release, permeation and skin retention profiles of 0.05% tretinoin hydrogel formulations in which tretinoin was in free form or complexed with dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin in a stoichiometry of 1:4. Theoretically, this complexation will mainly allow to: overcome drug's low water solubility and low stability; enhance the drug permeation by promoting skin absorption and alleviate drug inducing local irritation. In vitro release, permeation and skin retention tests were performed in both formulations in order to compare the main advantages of this complexation. The influence of the thermodynamic activity on the drug release profile was also investigated. This study proved that tretinoin inclusion complexes formulation with excess of cyclodextrins had better release profile than the free tretinoin formulation. It was concluded that in this study, thermodynamic activity was not the driving force for the release rate improvement observed with cyclodextrins. Probably, this improvement was due to the increased availability of tretinoin near the membrane surface. In fact, the percentage of total drug that had been retained in the skin was 0.41 ± 0.08% for complexed tretinoin gel and 0.17 ± 0.04% for the free tretinoin gel.

Ringer's lactate at the concentration of 6.0mg/g was superior to that at 4.5mg/g for parameters comfort and stinging sensation. No statistical difference was observed between the two products regarding nasal humidification.