Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) most commonly arise from breast and lung cancers, and melanoma. Genitourinary cancer (including ovarian, prostate, uterine kidney and bladder) rarely cause LM, with only case reports published. The aims of the study were to describe cases of patients with Genitourinary cancer and Leptomeningeal metastasis, to estimate its prevalence and describe its behavior and outcome. We queried the MD Anderson database for patients with LM and genitourinary cancer between 1978 and 2011. The files of all patients with genitourinary cancer and leptomeningeal disease were retrospectively reviewed. Out of 93960 GU cancer patients treated in MD Anderson (cervix cancer 13,289, ovarian cancer 13,126, bladder cancer 11,834, prostate cancer 41,830, and kidney 13,881), 31 cases (0.03 %) of GU cancer with LM were identified in MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) between 1978 and 2011. Eight patients had bladder cancer, 4 had cervical cancer, 4 had renal cancer, 8 had ovarian cancer and 7 had prostate cancer. Mean age of diagnosis of cancer was 55.9 ± 11.7 (range 20-74). Mean time from primary diagnosis to LM diagnosis was 141.46 ± 244 weeks (range 0.43-409.57). Median survival after LM diagnosis was 15.7 weeks (range 0.85-142.57). The patients presented with multiple signs and symptoms. Although rare-LM should be considered as a complication of GU cancer. Awareness of early neurological signs and symptoms may help the clinician to make an early diagnosis and possibly intervene to prevent neurological deficits.

The European cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis cerasi (L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is the most important pest of sweet cherries in Europe. The aim of our experiments was to develop a new, cost-efficient, lead chromate-free and more eco-friendly trap for monitoring and mass trapping of R. cerasi. Five different-colored yellow panels and three different trap shapes were compared to a standard Rebell® amarillo trap in three experimental orchards in 2012. Trap color F, with a strong increase in reflectance at 500–550 nm and a secondary peak in the UV-region at 300–400 nm, captured significantly more flies than the standard Rebell® amarillo trap. Yellow traps with increased reflectance in the blue region (400–500 nm) were least attractive. Trap shape was of minor importance, as long as the object was three-dimensional and visible from all directions. Based on economic and practical considerations, a cylinder-shaped trap “UFA-Samen Kirschenfliegenfalle” was developed for commercial use and is currently under on-farm evaluation.

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Are elderly adults with vitamin D deficiency at increased risk of developing dementia? EVIDENCE-BASED ANSWERProbably. Vitamin D (25[OH]-D) deficiency and insufficiency in older adults are associated with a greater risk for developing dementia compared with individuals with sufficient levels of 25(OH)-D, but not Alzheimer's dementia (SOR: B, meta-analysis of cohorts). Additionally, older patients with vitamin D deficiency experience more cognitive decline over time than those with normal levels (SOR: B, systematic review of cohorts and cross-sectional studies, and a single cohort).

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