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Background: The occurrence of shoulder pain among competitive swimmers is bizarre, but no strategy exists to diminish shoulder injuries in swimmers. Objective: To assess the disability associated with shoulder pain across the lifespan of competitive swimmers. Methods: A cross-sectional study including 58 swimmers who were selected based on inclusion criteria for this study from different swimming centers in Lahore, Pakistan. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 28 questions, 24 questions on Penn shoulder score and 4 questions on disability of arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire score and a diagnostic side bridge test was assessed 2 times by each participant to check endurance. Manual muscle testing was performed bilaterally on the serratus anterior, middle trapezius and lower trapezius muscles. Means and standard deviations were calculated for quantitative variables while frequency and percentages were used for qualitative variables. Chi-square was estimated to find the association between disability and shoulder pain. Results: There were 21 (36.2%) males and 37 (63.2%) females participated in the study. This showed that hand dominance affects the ability of competitive swimmers. For the side bridge average time, left and right hand, the p-value was <0.001 which was statistically significant. Conclusion: This study concludes that disabilities are associated with shoulder pain across the lifespan of competitive swimmers. Pain and discomfort in the shoulder is the main risk factor among competitive swimmers that can ultimately lead to the disability of the extremity.  As only a few participants were fully satisfied with the current level of their shoulder functioning.

Chronkhite-Canada Syndrome is characterised by diffuse gastrointestinal polyposis, dystrophic changes of the fingernails, cutaneous hyperpigmentation, alopecia, diarrhoea, weight loss, and abdominal pain. This disease is also associated with peripheral neuropathies and autoimmune disorders. Its association with other diseases may cause the polyps to turn into malignant tumours and worsen the condition. The first-line treatment is a combination of prednisone and mesalamine. NSAIDs and antibiotic administration is based on the symptoms and needs of patients. Here, we describe a 51-year-old male who presented to us with abdominal pain and significant weight loss. His physical examination showed dystrophic nails, alopecia and hyperpigmentation. Endoscopy and colonoscopy showed multiple polyps. His manifestations were consistent with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. We prescribed oral corticosteroids, which improved his condition. Keywords: Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, CCS, polyps, Pakistan.

Background: Dual tasks fall into two main groups: motor dual tasks, which require performance of a motor task and a postural control task at the same time; and cognition dual task that require performance of a cognition task and postural control task at the same time. Aim: To focus on comparative effects of motor and cognitive dual-task gait training on balance and mobility in persons with intellectual disabilities Methodology: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 52 subjects (n=26) in a District Headquarter Hospital, Mirpur AJK. Fifty-two patients were randomly allocated in two groups as Group A received motor dual task and Group B received cognitive dual task training. Total duration of study was three weeks and assessment done before treatment and after every week. Rancho Los Amigos Cognitive Functional Scale (RLACF), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Walking While Talking Test (WWT) and Stair Climb Test (SCT) for the assessment of the patient’s improvement in skills, balance and mobility. Results: The results of the study concluded that Rancho Los Amigos Cognitive Function Scale, Berg Balance Scale, Walking While Talking Test and Stair Climb Test scores were improved in both groups significantly. But on comparison; Cognitive dual task training significantly produce better results in improving the balance and mobility in the person with intellectual disability as compared to Motor dual task training with p value<0.005. Conclusion: The study concluded that Cognitive dual task training is statistically and clinically more significant in improving the balance and mobility in the intellectual disable persons as compared to Motor dual task training. Key words: Cognitive dual task, Intellectual disabilities, Motor and cognitive dual-task gait training.