Many frail older adults are slim, weak and under nourished; this part of frailty remains a critical concern in the old age. However, there is also strong conformation that excessive obesity contributes to frailty, therefore, present study was conducted to assess the Relationship between Obesity and Frailty in Older Population of Karachi, Pakistan. A cross sectional survey was conducted in different hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan from January to March 2018. BMI was measured by standard procedure in already diagnosed 377 patients of Fraility (mild and sever) and SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. The majority were (n=215, 57%) male and having age between 61 to 63 years (n=75, 19.9%), overweight (n=151, 40%) and Obese were (n=37, 9.8%) no significant correlation was found between obesity and frailty. This Study concluded that there is no significance of obesity on Fraility, because mostly the government facilities are being attended by the poor patients and the rich patients who may have the obesity along with Fraility may go to the private institutes.

Objective: Assessment of the effectiveness of proprioceptive and isometric exercises in patients of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods:The experimental study was conducted among the 40 patients who had confi rmed diagnosis of knee OA. The 40 patients were randomized into separate two groups A & B. The group A received proprioceptive exercise, whereas group B were given the isometric exercises. The data was collected before and after the treatment by using the visual analogue scale for assessing the pain intensity, whereas the analogue goniometer was used for assessing the range of motion of knee joint. After collection, the data was analyzed by using statistical packages for social sciences (Spss) version 22.Results: Patients of group A were heaving the mean age of (45.24 ± 11.52) and the patients of group B were having the mean age of (50.25 ± 12.12). Among the patients of group A, after the treatment the Knee range of motion was (113, ± 7.042), whereas among the patients of group B that was (107, ± 6.601). During the check of Vas scale, group A patients reported (4.01, ± 1.197) and group B reported (3.69, ± 1.054). Proprioceptive and isomeric exercises were statistically signifi cant (p<0.05) to fl exion range of motion and pain intensity, separately.Discussion: In current study the both exercises (proprioceptive & isometric were signifi cant in the management of Knee OA patients. Furthermore the proprioceptive exercises were found signifi cant in enhancing the range of motion of knee joint), while the isometrics gave good results in pain management.

Background: To assess the awareness of Covid-19 among the Physiotherapists of Sindh, Pakistan, in order to check the level of knowledge present regarding the pandemics among the working physiotherapist of Pakistan. Material & Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in different hospitals of Sindh, Pakistan from June to July 2020. A self-constructed questionnaire by Pursuing the clinical and community administration of COVID-19 given by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China was used among the 343 Physiotherapists and SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: The majority (n=207, 60.3%) were male, having age between 33 and above years (n=227, 66.2%) and (n=304, 88.6%) were married. In educational status (n=230, 67.1%) were postgraduate and (n=304, 88.6%) belongs to urban area. During the assessment of awareness towards COVID-19 results showed that majority (n=321, 93.6%) were aware of COVID-19. Conclusion: This Study concluded that the physiotherapists who are working in different hospitals of Sindh, Pakistan are well aware of COVID-19.The awareness can be due to their self-interest in infection preventive measure and quality of education being provided by their respective institutions.

Background: The study was designed for the assessment of the knowledge of medical students regarding pandemics. In the current designed study, the level of awareness was checked and the majority of students were found aware of SARS-CoV and SARS-Cov2 (Covid-19). Objective: To assess the awareness of SARS-CoV and SARS-Cov2 (Covid-19) among medical students of Pakistan. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in different universities of Pakistan from May to August 2020. A self-constructed questionnaire by Pursuing the clinical and community administration of COVID-19 given by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China was used among the 831 students who are enrolled in different medical universities of Pakistan and SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Results: The majority (n=440, 52.9%) were male, (n=525, 63.2%) having age between 18 to 23years and (n=682, 82.1%) were unmarried. In educational status (n=501, 60.3%) were undergraduate and (n=214, 25.8%) were students of MBBS. After checking the residential status (n=343, 41.3%) were the permanent residents of Balochistan province. During the assessment of awareness towards Covid-19 results showed that (n=801, 96.4%) were aware regarding Covid-19. Conclusion: This study finalized that the students enrolled in different medical universities of Pakistan were aware of the Covid-19. The observed awareness can be due to qualitative education especially in the domain of disease prevention, which has been provided by the educational institutions of Pakistan in collaboration with the Ministry of Health. Keywords: Awareness, Covid-19, Medical students, Pakistan.

Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSD) are the sort of disorders which involves soft tissues. The involvement of soft tissues can be due to the over use, restlessness and improper use. The main target of WRMSD are working indicuduals.it may cause muscle strain, ligament strain, tendon strain, tendinitis and bursitis. The cross section survey was conducted and data was collected from July to October 2018 from Jinnah Post graduate medical Centre Karachi, Pakistan. A self-constructed proforma was used among the 194 patients who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria and Spss version 23 was used. The majority (n=98, 50.5%) were belongs to age group of 21 to 35 and were (n=102, 52.6%) were male. In marital status majority (n=128, 66%) were married. In involvement of part majority (n=56, 28.9%) were suffering from lower back problem. After checking the type of injury (n=56, 49.5%) were suffering from muscular strain. In the context of onset of injury majority (n=82, 42.3%) were experienced their problem suddenly. The study finalized that WRMSD is most common in working individuals especially in older and females. The WRMDS puts heavy burden on the society, annually. As the participants who belongs to low socio economic status are more vulnerable for WRMDS.