Purpose:To investigate the efficacy and safety of repeated botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) injections for patients with drug-refractory nonneurogenic overactive bladder (NNOAB) and explore factors predictive of outcome.Methods:Data were collected from all patients receiving repeated BTX-A injections for drug-refractory NNOAB between 2004 and 2012. Trigone-sparing injections were administered under sedation with antibiotic prophylaxis. Patient characteristics including age, sex, preoperative urodynamics, injection number, BTX-A dose, complications, and patient global impression of improvement (PGI-I) scores were collected. Correlations between patient factors and outcomes were assessed by using Pearson’s chi-square tests.Results:Fifty-two patients with a mean age of 67.4 years (range, 26–93 years) received 140 BTX-A injections in total; 33 (64%), 15 (29%), and 4 patients (7%) received 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 8 injections, respectively. Mean follow-up time was 49 months (range, 9–101 months). Nine patients developed urinary tract infection; additionally, 3 patients experienced transient urinary retention. Median PGI-I score was 2 out of 7 (interquartile range [IQR], 2). For 46 patients, the PGI-I score remained stable with the administration of each injection. Pearson chi-square tests revealed that male patients or reduced bladder compliance was associated with a higher (worse) PGI-I score. Median PGI-I scores for men and women were 3 (IQR, 1) and 2 (IQR, 1), respectively; additionally, median PGI-I scores for those with normal bladder compliance and those with reduced bladder compliance were 2 (IQR, 2) and 4.5 (IQR, 1), respectively. Median PGI-I scores and complication rates were the same in the older patient (≥70 years) and younger (<70 years) patient cohorts.Conclusions:Efficacy is maintained with repeated BTX-A injections. Patients including the elderly show a good degree of tolerability with a low complication rate. Male patients or reduced bladder compliance is associated with poorer outcomes.

Lymphomas occurring in the oral cavity are rare. They account only for about 2% of extra-nodal sites. Most of the lymphomas occur in the lymph nodes and in the oral cavity, the most commonly affected region is the Waldeyer's ring. Its occurrence in the mandibular gingiva is rare. Here, we describe a case of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma manifested as a non-healing extraction socket in the mandibular right posterior region in a 62-year-old male patient.

Peer-to-Peer systems enables the interactions of peers to accomplish tasks. Attacks of peers with malicious can be reduced by establishing trust relationship among peers. In this paper we presents algorithms which helps a peer to reason about trustworthiness of other peers based on interactions in the past and recommendations. Local information is used to create trust network of peers and does not need to deal with global information. Trustworthiness of peers in providing services can be describedby Service metric and recommendation metric. Parameters considered for evaluating interactions and recommendations are Recentness, Importance and Peer Satisfaction. Trust relationships helps a good peer to isolate malicious peers.

The study focus on a simple method of detecting the obstacle and route by using an ultrasonic sensor that can detect a hole or stair with maximum range about 2 meter. As we can see Blind people is having their trouble to do their life routines because they can’t see even a single things. With our idea, we want to help this kind of people to live their life freely. This ultrasonic blind stick have a several feature that surely can help this blind people to navigate routes and detect an obstacle that surely can make their life routines easier. The user just need to use the blind the normal blind stick , the different is , blind people can detect a hole or stair more faster and easily. Besides that, guardian or user of the blind waking stick can find their stick by remote if they misplaced them.

Financial Inclusion is an emerging concept. The objective of the government behind 100 percent Financial Inclusion is to have inclusive growth in India. Several initiatives have been taken by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India to improve access to financial services. To measure the effectiveness of these initiatives there is need to measure the extent of Financial Inclusion. Financial Inclusion can be measured by gauging the progress in access to and usage of a range of products and services of financial institutions over time. The present study sought to propose an index to measure the extent of banking sector oriented Financial Inclusion in India over a period of time rather than a cross-section study which has been the focus of many a studies. The study used more specific indicators of banks-centric financial inclusion dimensions to gauge the long run trend in Financial Inclusion in India. The results indicate that there is much improvement in Financial Inclusion in India since the implementation of financial sector reforms.