Ö Z E TS unulan bu çalışmanın amacı, atık ıhlamur yapraklarının Pleurotus ostreatus mantarı kültivasyonunda kullanılabilirliğini araştırmaktır. Başarılı bir hasattan sonra, mantarların toplam fenolik madde miktarları, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, verim %15, biyolojik etkinlik %30, toplam fenol miktarı 1.514±0.001 mg GAE/g, antioksidan aktivitesi 2.508±0.056 μmol FeSO 4 .7H 2 O/g olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca Pleurotus ostreatus mantarı metanolik özütleri Klebsiella pneumonia ve Acinetobacter haemolyticus bakterilerine karşı inhibitor etki göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, Tilia tomentosa yaprakları tıbbi özelliklere sahip Pleurotus ostreatus kültivasyonu için uygun bir hammaddedir. Anahtar KelimelerAntimikrobiyal, antioksidan, ıhlamur yaprakları, Pleurotus ostreatus. A B S T R A C TI n this study, the posibility of using of waste lime leaves in Pleurotus ostretatus cultivation was investigated.After a successful harvest, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of mushrooms was determined. According to the test results; yield was 15%, biological efficiency was 30%. The total phenolic content was 151.4±0.001 mg GAE/100 g, the antioxidant activity was 2,508±0.056 μmol FeSO 4 .7H 2 O/g. Additionally; methanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom showed inhibitory effect against Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter haemolyticus bacteria. As a result, Tilia Tomentesa's leaves are suitable raw material with satisfactory medical properties for the Pleurotus ostretaus cultivation.

Abstract:In this study, the protein and total phenolic contents of some commercially cultivated (Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus) and wild mushrooms (Amanita caesarea, Fistulina hepatica, Meripilus giganteus) were determined. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these mushrooms against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans were also investigated. The protein contents, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of the mushrooms were found in the range of 11.00 -25.1%, 1.111 -3.858 mg GAE g -1 , and 1.528 -9.340 μmol FeSO4·7H2O g -1 , respectively. Meripilus giganteus had higher protein than all the tested mushrooms. The highest total phenolic content was detected in Agaricus bisporus obtained from B company (3.858 mg GAE g -1 ), whereas the lowest total phenolic content was observed in Meripilus giganteus (1.111 mg GAE g -1 ). Total phenolic and antioxidant properties of mushrooms were found significantly different (P<0.05) by Duncan's multiple range test. Methanolic extracts of the tested mushrooms showed no inhibitory activity against bacteria and yeast.

Recently, bioactive properties of mushrooms have been intensively investigated, and their wealth in bioactive compounds particularly of medicinal properties have increased their consumption. In this study, quorum sensing inhibition and anti-microbial properties of some commercial and wild mushroom species were investigated. Agaricus bisporus species were purchased from three different commercial companies. Laccaria bicolor, Bovista plumbea, Lactarius deliciosus and Boletus edulis were collected from Trabzon, Turkey. Compounds extractions were performed using supercritical fluid extraction (CO2) method. Quorum sensing inhibition activity was tested using Chromobacterium violaceum as bacterium-model. Antimicrobial potential of extracts was tested using agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella Typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans. All wild mushroom extracts except for B. plumbea inhibited the violacein production of C. violaceum. L. bicolor, A. bisporus (1), B. plumbea, A. bisporus (2) extracts inhibited the bacterial growth of S. aureus. In addition, L. bicolor extract inhibited K. pneumoniae and L. monocytogenes whereas A. bisporus (2) extract inhibited P. aeruginosa. Among all mushrooms, L. bicolor extract showed remarkable results.

Many plants contain a variety of bioactive components. Therefore, it is important to know the bioactive properties of plant materials in order to be a reference for later researchers. In this study, it was investigated the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities of Usnea filipendula and Viscum album's methanol extracts. To determine the antioxidant properties of the extracts; total phenolic, flavonoid and condensed tannin contents and ferric reducing antioxidant power analyses were performed. The antibacterial potential of plant extracts was tested by agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans microorganisms. Anti-quorum sensing activity was investigated on Chromobacterium violaceum bacteria. The highest total phenolic and ferric reducing antioxidant power was determined in U. filipendula extract. This extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus, K. pneumonia and L. monocytogenes microorganisms. The highest flavonoid and condensed tannin was observed in V. album extract. This extract was also able to prevent the growth of K. pneumonia and L. monocytogenes. None of the extracts showed anti-quorum sensing activity.