development and such as the problem of research, where the goal of the research to build a theoretical framework to fill this gap. The research hypothesis that the development of the residential neighborhood is achieved through (integration of the social, economic and environmental aspects associated with the values and principles of sustainable neighborhood). The research relied on an analytical descriptive method in the description and analysis of selected samples namely , and was the criterion of choice based on principles of sustainable residential neighborhoods in contemporary trends . The research concluded that the residential neighborhood based on the principles of development distinct , by achieving social, economic, environment aspects, as well as the urban design and planning values. The sustainable residential neighborhood pattern emphasizes regional development considerations, and principles that define sustainable features including compactness, mixed use, connectivity, pedestrian oriented built form, , vital public realm, and regulation of the relationship with transit transport.

يرتبط الاسكان الميسر بتوفير السكن اللائق للاسر ذات الدخول المتوسطة والواطئة . عرف البحث الاسكان الميسر اجرائياً بأنه الاسكان الذي يلبي حاجات مدى من الدخول التي تتدرج من المتوسطة الى الواطئة والتي تكون دخولها بحدود (60%-80%) من متوسط الدخول لمنطقة معينة بحيث لا تتجاوز كلف الاسكان(30%) من الدخل السنوي للأسر(ايجارا او امتلاكا) . اما النمو الذكي فهو تنمية تتضمن مجموعة من المبادئ لحل مشاكل الانتشار الحضري للوصول الى أحياء سكنية متضامة داعمة للأسكان الميسر و تعدد خيارات الاسكان و تحقق الجوانب البيئية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية. وقد برزت مشكلة البحث المتمثلة بـ(وجود فجوة معرفية حول تأثير مبادئ النمو الذكي على المقياس الصغير في كلف الاسكان الميسر) وتمثل هدف البحث في تحديد هذه العلاقة على المقياس الصغير. ولتحقيق هدف البحث تم بناء اطار نظري خص كل من مفهوم الاسكان الميسر والنمو الذكي وصولا الى المفردات الرئيسية. شمل الاطار النظري  مفردتين الاولى هي مبادئ النمو الذكي التي ترتبط بالاسكان الميسر والثانية هي النمو الذكي على المقياس الصغير وصولاً الى المفردات المستخلصة من الاطار النظري . ومن خلال تطبيق هذه المفردات على ثلاثة مشاريع عالمية وعربية ومحلية ، اظهرت النتائج تباينها في مدى تحقيقها لهذه المفردات و ان اكثر مبدأ مؤثر هو (تعدد خيارات الاسكان الميسر).

The visual image and its orders and patterns required continuous investigations because the city visual image is not fixed. City identity and meaning are still the factors that connect the places to their habitants. A review for the visual image concept in urban and architectural literature had been carried out throughout this study which was found in different forms and patterns. On other hand there were a lot of theories about future cities, but there were no studies that link these two concepts together. So the research problem was represented bythe decreased knowledge in the visual image quality for the future city. This research was based in achieving its goal on ahypothesis say (The visual image quality for the future cities, achieved through establishment of certain features as: Spatial Enclosure, the pattern of positive urban space, faced design and Small architectures design).This research defines the visual image as all the visual percept for the region or what had percept from it, that produced ofmixingand weaving all the other elements of the physical environment and the total visual scenes, that may be in several images accordingto the range and the scope of the vision, (panorama, vista, view, appearance, scene, perspective), Remarkable for a particular area, or taken into consideration, while the vision scope refer to All of the points of the physical environment that can be perceived by a stable eye (fixed)at a given moment.Future city is the sustainable city with a sustainable approach and a viable place to life and work (mixed use). also Its visual images with a sustainable approach contain elements as green network, green sectors (live), and sustainable roads (green roads), urban rooms or nodes (intimate square and urban spaces): pedestrian pockets, transport nodes, marketing nodes, commercial nodes, edges and green walls and small urban and architectures.For the purpose of verification of the research hypothesis, survey was carried out for a selected proposed future cities by special questionnaires dispended for a random sample of architects, this questionnaire include vocabularies about the quality of the visual image. This research concluded that quality of the visual image, should be

This paper aims to study urban resilience as an adaptive system in a complex dynamic world along with its ability to comprehend disorder, change and reorganization to conserve identity. Urban resilience can be understood through the interrelationship between people and nature as a source-ecological system. The case study is represented by analyzing (Adelaide City in Australia) in depending on resilience advantages in which optimized by a renewable resource, zero carbon, equity in distributing energy, active environment, sustainable transportation and investing natural materials. Hence, these advantages have been applied on (Al-Karkh Haifa Street) in Baghdad in order to develop its infrastructure by employing renewable resources such as energy, sustainable transportation, refuge recycling, water system and submit suitable solutions for sewage water.

The concept affordable housing deals with affording adequate housing to a moderate and low income households. The research defined affordable housing as housing deals with moderate and low income households (60%-80% AMI) that housing costs don't exceed (30%) of their annual income (renting or owning) , while smart growth is defined as a development that contains a set of principles related to compact design and affordable housing .The research problem is embodied as (a knowledge gap about the effects of smart growth principles at a micro scale on the costs of affordable housing).The research built a theoretical framework including both of affordable housing and smart growth concepts. It included two terms, the first one was the ( smart growth principals) , and the second one was ( the smart growth at a micro scale (community)). The measurement included indicators driven from the theoretical framework, which had been applied on three national, Arabic and local projects. Finally the research finding showed different results varied between the different projects and the most effective principal was (affordable housing choices).