Background Remineralization of incipient caries is one of the goals in dental health care ,especially in pediatric dentistry. The present study aimed at comparing the effects of MI varnish (3M (United states)) , Nano paste( FGM(Brezil) ), 5% sodium fluoride varnish) DuraphatColgate (united states) ) on remineralization of enamel lesions. Material and Methods In this in-vitro study, 60 intact human pre-molars, were randomly allocated to four groups of 15. Baseline surface microhardness in three points in the center of the polished area was measured. After two days of immersion in demineralizing solution, microhardness of all samples was measured. Afterward, groups 1-3 under-went treatment with MI varnish, nano paste, 5% sodium fluoride varnish and then again microhardness was measured. The results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), repeated measures ANOVA, and Bonfreni table was used. Results Duraphat varnish in comparison with control group, significantly increased surface microhardness and in comparison with Nano and MI paste varnish groups significant differences was shown between groups. ( P < 0.05). MI paste varnish and Nano paste similary showed more increases in surface microhardness in comparison with Duraphat varnish and control groups (P≈1). Conclusions According to the results of this study, all three varnishes, Duraphat , MI paste and Nano paste increase the enamel surface microhardness and remineralization of incipient caries. MI paste and Nano paste compared to Duraphat Varnish, significantly showed more increases in enamel surface microhardness but Nano paste and MI paste were almost the same. Key words: CPP-ACP, Nano varnish, fluoride varnish, microhardness, demineralization, remineralization.

Background and Aim: Since fluoride therapy is usually the first step of treatment in pediatric dentistry and it may interfere with other treatments, such as composite filling, this study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of topical pre-fluoride therapy on marginal microleakage of composite restorations in deciduous teeth. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, 30 deciduous canines were randomly allocated to five groups: 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel was used in two groups, while 2% sodium fluoride (NaF) gel was used in the other two groups. Thirty minutes and two weeks after fluoride therapy, Class V cavities were prepared and restored using composite resins. After thermocycling, the teeth were soaked in 0.5% fuchsine solution and were sagittally sectioned in half. The extension of dye penetration into the occlusal and gingival walls was investigated under a stereomicroscope at ×30 magnification and scored using a 0-3 scoring system. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Marginal microleakage was neither affected in enamel walls (P=0.213) nor in dentinal walls (P=0.851). The scores of microleakage in enamel walls were lower than that in dentinal walls, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Topical fluoride therapy using 1.23% APF or 2% NaF gel before the placement of composite resin restorations has no negative effect on marginal microleakage.

Background: Taurodontism is considered a variation in tooth morphology associated with several syndromes. Case Presentation: This report presents a case of taurodontism associated with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. A 5-year-old girl, with a history of DRESS syndrome, was referred to the department of pediatric dentistry at the School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, with a chief complaint of toothache. Clinical and Radiographic examinations showed deep carious lesions with large pulp chambers and short roots present in relation to second mandibular primary molars. Routine pulpectomy could not be performed as a result of complex tooth morphology. Instead, we played a deep pulpotomy with calcium-enriched mixture cement agent, and the crowns were restored. Follow-up observations after six and 12 months showed that the tooth was asymptomatic, clinical and radiographic examinations revealed no swelling, no sensitivity to percussion and palpation. Conclusion: In patients with carious taurodont deciduous teeth, deep pulpotomy with biomaterials such as calcium-enriched mixture cement can result in favorable outcomes.

Objectives: Attempts to retain primary teeth have led to introduction of materials and techniques for their preservation such as stainless steel crowns (SSCs). Due to variations in tooth anatomy among different populations, this study compared the buccolingual (BL) to mesiodistal (MD) ratio of primary mandibular first molars with that of SSCs in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods:  This cross sectional study was conducted on 96 primary mandibular first molars with intact cementoenamel junction, which had been extracted for severe caries. The MD and BL dimensions of the teeth and available maxillary and mandibular SSCs (3M) were measured. Two independent examiners measured the dimensions twice at two different time points using a digital caliper. Data were analyzed by one-sample t-test and McNemar's test via SPSS 21.0 software. Results: Significant differences were observed in both BL and MD dimensions between teeth and both maxillary and mandibular SSCs (P<0.001). According to McNemar's test, the dimensions of 65.6% of teeth matched those of mandibular SSCs while the dimensions of 38.5% matched those of maxillary crowns. Dimensions of 3.1% of the teeth did not match any of the crowns and in 7.4%, both maxillary and mandibular SSCs were appropriate. Conclusion: Comparing the variances of BL/MD ratio of teeth with SSCs revealed that the dimensions of two-thirds of the teeth matched those of mandibular SSCs, while the maxillary SSCs were appropriate for the remaining one-third. Significant differences were seen between the size of teeth and both maxillary and mandibular crowns.

Objectives: Attempts to retain primary teeth have led to introduction of materials and techniques for their preservation such as stainless steel crowns (SSCs). Due to variations in tooth anatomy among different populations, this study compared the buccolingual (BL) to mesiodistal (MD) ratio of primary mandibular first molars with that of SSCs in an Iranian population. Materials and Methods:  This cross sectional study was conducted on 96 primary mandibular first molars with intact cementoenamel junction, which had been extracted for severe caries. The MD and BL dimensions of the teeth and available maxillary and mandibular SSCs (3M) were measured. Two independent examiners measured the dimensions twice at two different time points using a digital caliper. Data were analyzed by one-sample t-test and McNemar's test via SPSS 21.0 software. Results: Significant differences were observed in both BL and MD dimensions between teeth and both maxillary and mandibular SSCs (P<0.001). According to McNemar's test, the dimensions of 65.6% of teeth matched those of mandibular SSCs while the dimensions of 38.5% matched those of maxillary crowns. Dimensions of 3.1% of the teeth did not match any of the crowns and in 7.4%, both maxillary and mandibular SSCs were appropriate. Conclusion: Comparing the variances of BL/MD ratio of teeth with SSCs revealed that the dimensions of two-thirds of the teeth matched those of mandibular SSCs, while the maxillary SSCs were appropriate for the remaining one-third. Significant differences were seen between the size of teeth and both maxillary and mandibular crowns.