Abstract:A study on room temperature Suzuki cross-coupling in an aqueous medium was carried out using a simple hydrophilic palladium (II) complex, trans-PdCl 2 (NH 2 CH 2 COOH) 2 as catalyst in the presence of K 2 CO 3 in air. This approach with a comparatively inexpensive and hydrophilic catalyst, mild reaction condition and aqueous media exhibits excellent catalytic activity towards the Suzuki coupling of aryl bromides and arylboronic acids, and good yields were obtained in the Suzuki coupling of activated aryl chlorides.

Cyanation of aryl halide with K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]Á3H 2 O has been carried out in the presence of a high-activity catalyst: an air-stable P-O bidentate chelate palladium complex. This method is applicable to both activated and deactivated aryl halides, and even a variety of aromatic nitriles are obtained in good yields under aerobic conditions.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) undergoing complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Background: It remains inconclusive whether ticagrelor is superior to clopidogrel in ACS patients undergoing complex PCI in real-world practice. Methods:Based on an all-comers PCI registry, we compared the long-term effectiveness and safety between ticagrelor and clopidogrel in ACS patients undergoing complex PCI, defined as PCI procedures for complex lesions including bifurcation, chronic total occlusion, ostial, tortuous, calcific, diffused, thrombus-containing, and restenotic lesions. The primary ischemic outcome was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. The safety outcome comprised Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) types 2, 3, and 5 bleeding. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce bias.Results: Among ACS patients who underwent complex PCI, 4373 (35.2%) and 8065 (64.8%) received dual antiplatelet therapy based on ticagrelor and clopidogrel, respectively. The incidences of composite ischemic events (before PSM: 1.74% vs. 2.84%; after PSM: 1.50% vs. 2.65%; p < 0.01 for both) and all-cause death (before PSM: 1.23% vs. 2.12%, p < 0.01; after PSM: 1.09% vs. 1.81%, p = 0.02) were significantly lower in the ticagrelor-treated than in the clopidogrel-treated group.There was no significant difference in BARC types 2, 3, and 5 bleeding between groups.Conclusions: Whilst the risk of major bleeding was comparable between the two drugs, ticagrelor was associated with a significantly lower risk of ischemic events than clopidogrel in ACS patients undergoing complex PCI.

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