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Alkaloids are waste products of plant metabolic processes, containing at least one nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic ring. They serve a wide variety of physiological functions in humans and animals. Metabolism plays a central role in regulating the toxicity of various phytochemicals. Available literature of biological sources and metabolism study of pyrrolidine, pyrrolizidine, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, phenanthrene, phenethylamine, indole, terpenoid, and aporphine groups of experimental plants-derived alkaloids were collected from the Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science search engines. The literature reveals that hepatic microsomal enzymes such as monooxygenase and putative NADPH-FMN-reductase, carboxyl esterase, CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 are primarily involved in the metabolism of alkaloids. This review may encourage natural product researchers to further research and develop new plant-derived alkaloidal drugs.

Edible plants are used as valuable sources of food and medicine to prevent nutritional imbalance, illness, and maintenance of human health. This review covers botanical descriptions, phytochemicals studies, traditional comprehensions, dietary values, and biological activities of ten vegetable plants and eight fruit plants of Tripura, India. The book “The Flora of Tripura State” helps to choose the plant species of Tripura, India and PubMed, NCBI, Google scholar databases have been used to describe the plant species briefly. Literature reveals that all the selected edible plants contain bio-active constituents (alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides, etc.) and give dynamic biological activities. All the plants have a high nutritional value. This review believes it will provide significant advances in the prevention of malnutrition and chronic diseases.

Puntius sophore (P. sophore), a small indigenous fish, belonging to family Cyprinidae is an important source of micronutrients. But as it may be considered as one of the most perishable among all foodstuffs therefore, their preservation becomes necessary for future use. Fermentation and sun-drying process have been used for the processing of P. sophore. Both fresh and processed (fermented and sun-dried) P. sophore is very popular among the common people of Tripura, Northeastern part of India. So, the aim of the present study was to analyze the nutrient content of raw and processed P. sophore and evaluate the overall diet quality of them. In this study, proximate composition, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids analysis for raw and cooked sample of fresh and processed (fermented and sun-dried) P. sophore were performed as the cooking process lead to changes of certain nutrients. The changes in the amount of fat and ash content were found to be higher in fried fish sample. Mineral content such as Na, K, Fe, Cu, Mn, Se was increased in processed sample whereas Ca and Mg was reduced. The amino acid profile showed that aspartic acid was the major component of fish protein. But after cooking amino acid content was reduced. The analysis of fatty acid composition showed that saturated fatty acids were the most abundant in both fresh and processed P. sophore which was increased through frying. In the present experiment, frying process was found to be good for health.