This research is based on the effect of various herbicidal treatments on Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) intercropping with Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L). This study investigated the effect of different herbicides treatments and hand weeding (once, twice and repeated) in comparison with weedy control and weedy check. In both growing season, data were collected on the density and dry weight of weed species, density of lentil, seed yield, total crop biomass, and harvest index of crop. Herbicides ability in controlling weeds depending on the weed species present. Application of Pendimethalin@1.0kg/ha as pre emergence herbicides demonstrated better for weeds control and gives high yield per unit area, effectively control weeds in lentil and chickpea. Prometryn and Metribuzin are inhibitors of photosynthesis and are generally used at pre emergence or sometimes used as a post emergence. When these herbicides are used as pre emergence, they are absorbed through the plant shoots while they are still underground and kill or injure the shoots before they rise from the soil surface. Yield losses of 40-80% have been observed due to weed infestation in lentil and also in chickpea weed have been notice one of the major factors as their losses ranged between 11 to 57%.In this study, the efficacy of some herbicides estimated in comparison with weedy control in lentil and chickpea and this research also carried out to study the effect of various herbicidal treatments, including chemicals such as Metribuzin and Sethoxydim, in controlling weeds in naturally infested fields of chickpea and lentil in Punjab.

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The practice of purposefully setting fire to the residue that remained after harvest of rice and wheat crop is increasing periodically.  Stubble burning has become one of the challenging issues in India in recent times. Government has been consistently instructing farmers not to burn the crop residues, instead asking them for in-situ management. Farmers are citing various complications in stubble management which pulling them to setting up fire to the stubble. Rice straw burning generates life threatening greenhouse gases which causes air pollution injury. Particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in the capital state of India (New Delhi) have been exceeded by 14 times than threshold level because of episodic agricultural fires in the neighbouring states namely Punjab, Haryana. A very limited study has been done so far on this complete issue despite of its importance. The present review tried to expose root cause, impacts on ecosystem and management strategies of stubble burning especially in India. There are plethora of possibilities in managing residue in sustainable ways including in-situ residue management, mushroom production, livestock feed, composting, biochar preparation, bio-thermal power plants and paper industries. Mechanical and effective method of in-situ management has been come into existence in the form of happy seeder. Depending on the land holding farmers can follow any of the said methods and manage their residue in sustainable way by overcoming the constraints thereby reducing the impacts on ecosystem.

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Herbicides play a vital role in the reduction of crop yield losses by the use of effective weed control and weed interference capability, their ability to improving soil conservation practices. This review covering herbicide's resistance to specific weed and the mode of action of herbicides in the crops of agronomic fields. In most countries, input-intensive agriculture is adopted. For a better understanding, it is necessary to know about the mode of action of herbicides, management, organization, classification, and weed control capacity of herbicides. On other conditions, it also contributes insight into herbicide resistance; therefore it is a big problem of sustainable agricultural management. However, more use of herbicides, pesticides, and insecticides cause resistance among the weeds and it causing injury in plants and also removes beneficial plants in agricultural fields, industries, and management of lands. This review mainly focuses on the thorough determination of different modes of action of different classes of herbicides. The mechanism of action of various herbicides is as variable as their complex composition as they concentrate on managing the susceptible weeds utilizing different biochemical means. Herbicides based on their specific mode of action, they may involve plant enzymes or a biological system. However, these herbicides may break up thus injury or disturb the uniform plant growth and development, the result affects uneven plant death. For proper weed control, it is essential to know the mode of action of specific herbicides and it is important to choose specific herbicides for a specific crop, also understood the symptoms of injury, and using proper crop management practices.