Background: Prevalence of dyslipidemia is very common in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and lipid abnormalities are likely to play an important role in the development of the atherosclerotic vascular disease. Type 2 diabetic patients are obese, and obesity as an independent risk factor for diabetes also complicates the management and exacerbates the metabolic abnormalities in diabetes. Aims and Objectives: To compare the lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) in Type 2 diabetic patients with poor and good metabolic controls with that of normal controls and to study the correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) values and triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients with Type 2 DM. Materials and Methods: The descriptive comparative study group of 150 subjects was divided into three groups based on HbA 1c values which included Type 2 diabetic patients with poor metabolic control, good metabolic control, and normal age-matched controls. Results: There is a significant increase in the mean levels of total cholesterol, TG, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and Very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) values in diabetic patients with both poor metabolic control and good metabolic control when compared to normal controls. There is a significant decrease in mean HDL values and significant elevation of mean waist circumference and BMI values in both male and female diabetics with poor and good metabolic controls when compared to normal controls. Highly significant positive correlation was obtained between HbA 1c and TG and a negative correlation between HbA 1c and HDL. Conclusion: Increase in TG and decline in HDL with HbA 1c rise shows the impact of glycemic control on lipoprotein levels. Majority of diabetic patients were overweight and had abdominal adiposity. Good metabolic control of hyperglycemia will prevent alteration of lipid metabolism helping in better prognosis and preventing manifestations of vascular and typical secondary complications.

BACKGROUNDDiabetes mellitus is a state of increased free radical activity and increased oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of diabetic complications. The present study was conducted to find the role of oxidative stress in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without complications. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe descriptive comparative study group of 150 subjects was divided into 3 groups based on glycosylated haemoglobin values, which included type 2 diabetic patients with poor metabolic control, good metabolic control and normal age matched controls. Measured parameters were serum malondialdehyde level as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, glycosylated haemoglobin, lipid parameters like triglycerides and High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Mean differences between the groups were analysed using ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance). Correlation coefficient was calculated to find out whether there was any significant association between two variables. RESULTSThere was significant elevation of serum MDA and Triglycerides in type 2 diabetic patients with poor metabolic control when compared to patients with good metabolic control. Highly significant positive correlation was obtained between serum malondialdehyde and glycosylated haemoglobin, malondialdehyde and triglyceride. Negative correlation was found between Malondialdehyde and HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONEarly detection of the imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant equilibrium can prevent the risk of developing serious complications of diabetes mellitus by supplementation of antioxidant vitamins along with anti-diabetic agents. BACKGROUNDIndia with its dubious distinction of being called "The Diabetic Capital of World" is presently estimated to have over 40 million individuals affected by this deadly disease. Diabetes mellitus is a state of increased free radical activity and increased oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of diabetic complications. A currently favoured hypothesis is that oxidative stress through a single unifying mechanism of superoxide production is the common pathogenic factor underlying the development of insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction in type 2 Diabetes mellitus 1 and progression of long-term diabetic complications.Cells continuously produce free radicals and reactive oxygen species as part of metabolic process. Free radicals derived from molecular oxygen are highly reactive metabolites and are called reactive oxygen species. In the body, reactive oxygen species cause various types of damage like lipid peroxidation and cellular damage.