Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) cirrhosis of liver is one of the common non communicable disease, accounting for significant morbidity and mortality in developing countries like India. several prognostic scoring systems have evolved from the need to prioritize patients for liver transplantation model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and its variant, which includes sodium values (MELD-Na) have been recently popularized.Methods: Prospective observational study with follow-up telephone call every month for 3 months, with ppurposive sampling done on 60 patients admitted to AIMS BG Nagara Mandya district Karnataka India. Statistical analysis included the strength of association was assessed using Pearson's correlation and the ROC curve was drawn to assess the accuracy and diagnostic utility of the two models. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: In the present study, the mean age of patients was 49.68±9.89 years of age. The strength of association between the MELD score and MELD-Na score was found to be a very strong positive strength of association (r=0.904, p<0.05). The mean MELD score and MELD-Na score was found to be higher in non-survivors’ group (28.5 and 30.5) compared to survivors group (22.03 and 25.67) which was statistically very significant.Conclusions: MELD-Na score was higher among the patients with outcome of death compared to the MELD score among the patient. The ROC curve showed a comparable result with MELD and MELD-Na scores. There was a relation of severity of hyponatremia with the child-Pugh scores.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), major public health problem in most of the developing countries. There is significant difference in the laboratory profile of tuberculosis in human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) infected compared to immunocompetent host. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in HIV infected will improve the morbidity and mortality associated with dual infection. Objectives of the research were: to study about the clinical profile of tuberculosis in HIV positive individuals; and also, to study about the laboratory profile of tuberculosis in HIV positive individuals.Methods: Patients with HIV positive status who fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria and admitted in Adichunchanagiri hospital and research center, BG Nagara Mandya district, Karnataka India, during the period of January 2020 to June 2021.Results: Fever was the most common symptom (92.8%). Most common manifestation was extrapulmonary TB (54%). TB meningitis was the most common extra pulmonary involvement seen in 28.67%. Amongst patients with pulmonary TB, 6.3% of cases were smear positive for AFB bacilli, 58% of cases had pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray. In all cases of extra pulmonary TB (EPTB) CD4T cell counts were <200 cells/μl.Conclusions: Chest X-rays were atypical with more of lowerzone infiltrative lesions. Sputum acid-fast bacillus (AFB) is negative in most of the patients with pulmonary TB, however had sputum cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) positive status, hence sputum CBNAAT remains the gold standard investigation. Fluid analysis with ADA correlation holds good for the diagnosis of TB meningitis and tubercular pleural effusion.