Background:Benincasa hispida (BH) and Carissa congesta (CC) are regarded as ethnopharmacological imperative plants in Asian countries.Objective:Phytochemical screening of the extracts has shown the presence of steroids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, fixed oils, and fats in the BH and CC extracts. The presence of lupeol has been reported previously by us using high-performance thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography.Materials and Methods:Present research studies encompasses identification of chemical constituents in BH seeds and CC roots petroleum ether extracts by hyphenated technique such as gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (MS) which when coupled gives a clear insight of constituents.Results:The components were identified by matching mass spectra with MS libraries. There were 13 and 10 different compounds analyzed from CC and BH, respectively. The components present were Pentanoic acid, 5-hydroxy, 2,4-butylphenyl; n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid); Sulfurous acid, 2-ethylhexylhepatdecyl ester; n-Tridecane; 6-methyltridecane; (9E, 12E)-9,12-Octadecadienyl chloride, Hexadecanoic acid, 3-(trimethylsilyl)-oxy] propyl ester; 9,12-Octadecadenoic acid, 2 hydroxy-1-(hyroxymethylethyl) ester; 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, 2,3 dihydroxypropyl ester; n-Propyl-9,12-Octadecadienoate, Lupeol; Taraxasterol; 6a, 14a-Methanopicene, perhydro-12,4a, 61a, 9,9,12a-hepatmethyl-10-hydoxy and 9-Octadecene; 2-Isoprpenyl-5-methyl-6-hepten-1-ol; n-Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hyroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ether; Butyl-9,12-Octadecadieonate; Friedoolean-8-en-3-one; friedours-7-en-3-one; 13,27-Cyclosuran-3-one; Stigmaste-7,25-dien-3-ol (3β, 5α); Stigmasta-7,16-dien-3-ol; chrondrillasterol in BH seeds and CC roots extracts respectively.Conclusion:Eluted components from the extracts could provide further researchers to work with various pharmacological activities related models and studies.

Background:Polyalthia longifolia Thwaites is an important traditional plant in India. Rutin, an active constituent has been reported to possess good amount of pharmacological as well as therapeutic potential.Objective:The aim of the present study was to find out by analytical techniques how much percentage of rutin is present in the plant leaves’ ethanolic extract by analytical techniques.Materials and Methods:Shade dried leaves of Polyalthia longifolia were subjected to cold ethanolic extraction followed by monitoring the isolated rutin high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) after carrying out preliminary phytochemical screening.Results:Extraction yield was found to be 13.94% w/w. Phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, diterpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and phenolic compounds and mucilage. From the Rf value, the ethanolic extract was found to be having constituent identical to rutin. By HPTLC and HPLC the amount of rutin was found to be 11.60% w/w and 4.03% w/v, respectively.Conclusion:The active constituent isolated was found to be equal to rutin.

Background:Carissa congesta (CC), Polyalthia longifolia (PL), and Benincasa hispida (BH) are economically important plants.Objective:Current research encompasses identification of quercetin and rutin and their analogues by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) from the selected plant species.Materials and Methods:Fresh roots, leaves, and seeds of CC, PL, and BH plants respectively were shade-dried followed by extraction and elucidation of rutin and quercetin by LC-MS.Results:Structural elucidation of CC, PL, and BH extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids such as quercetin (m/z 301) and rutin (m/z 610) as the parent ions along with presence of close analogues such as quercetin-O-hexoside, Vicenin 2, quercetin-3-O-xyloside/arabinoside, and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were identified as fragments.Conclusions:Thus, CC, PL, and BH extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids belonging to the class of flavonols such as rutin and quercetin.SUMMARY Quercetin and rutin were identified from CC roots, PL leaves and BH seeds by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy.Quercetin was characterized at (m/z 301) and rutin (m/z 610) as the parent ion peaks.Analogues such as quercetin-O-hexoside, Vicenin 2 and quercetin-3-O-glucoside were identified as fragments.

A marine alga, Caulerpa racemose (seaweed), exhibits few biological activities, such as antinociceptive/anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and growth regulator. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of this seaweed. High-performance thin-layer chromatography of C. racemosa ethanolic extract was performed to identify its active constituents. Antidiabetic activity of C. racemosa ethanolic extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) was evaluated using various biochemical paradigms against glipizide (5 mg/kg) in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes rat model. High-performance thin-layer chromatography revealed β-sitosterol as an active constituent and also indicated the presence of saponins and alkaloids. Treatment with C. racemosa ethanolic extract significantly reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic rats, and the degree of glucose reduction was comparable to that attained by glipizide treatment. The C. racemosa ethanolic extract treatment restored the impaired glycosylated hemoglobin level, liver glycogen level, glucose uptake by hemidiaphragm, and glucose transport by hepatic cells. Pretreatment with C. racemosa ethanolic extract also restored lipid abnormalities, elevated liver enzymes, elevated inflammatory markers, and depleted endogenous antioxidants. A superior effect was shown by C. racemosa ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg) over glipizide (5 mg/kg). Moreover, the restoration of the histoarchitecture of the pancreas by C. racemosa ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg) was comparable to that of the glipizide (5 mg/kg) treatment group. The present experimental findings demonstrate significant antidiabetic activity of C. racemosa ethanolic extract in diabetic rats using various biochemical paradigms. Further, C. racemosa ethanolic extract seems to be safe and does not affect vital organs adversely.

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