Coarse particulate organic matter is often broken down by specialist shredder invertebrates in temperate streams. In some tropical streams, larger, non-specialist, omnivorous fauna, (macroconsumers), particularly decapod shrimps and crabs, have been found to process coarse particulate matter. Larger shrimps and fish may also prey on or inhibit smaller invertebrates. Depending on the relative importance of larger and smaller fauna in leaf processing and in predatory interactions, we could expect that exclusion of larger fauna could either result in a decrease in leaf processing (if they were important in shredding or bioturbation) or increase in leaf processing if they negatively affected smaller shredders. We tested this by excluding fauna of different sizes from leaf peaks using bags with different sizes of mesh -0.2 mm (exclusion of most fauna), 2 mm (exclusion of larger fauna), and 10 mm (access to most fauna). Bag effect on leaf processing was minimized by constructing the bags of the same, fine, material, and sewing a relatively small window of the required mesh size. The experiment was conducted on two occasions in three streams of the urban forest of Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, city of Rio de Janeiro. The three streams differed in larger fauna of shrimps (Macrobrachium potiuna), crabs, tadpoles, and fish. Packs were incubated for six time intervals and the rate of leaf processing calculated as the exponential rate of loss of leaf material. Rate of leaf processing was faster in bags with the largest mesh size; the rates in the other two mesh sizes were not statistically different. Rates varied between experiments and among streams. We could not attribute the faster leaf processing to any particular component of the larger fauna; the patterns of differences among streams and between experiments were not associated with particular taxa. There was no general trend of fewer smaller fauna in the presence of macroconsumers; the few smaller taxa that were different between mesh sizes were variously less and more abundant in the 10-mm mesh bags compared to the 2-mm. Known shredders were rare in the smaller fauna; the mining chironomid Stenochironomus was common, but was apparently not affected by larger fauna and apparently Handling editor: B. Oertli did not increase leaf processing. We conclude that macroconsumers and not smaller fauna had a positive effect on leaf processing, and this confirms a pattern observed in some other coastal Neotropical streams.
Este artigo é parte do estudo apresentado pela autora Maria de Fátima Silva de Oliveira como monografia de conclusão do Curso de Especialização em Gestão da Inovação em Fitomedicamentos do NGBS/Coordenação de Estudos de Far-Manguinhos.Em 22 de junho de 2006, o governo federal aprovou a Política Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos. Essa política possui diretrizes imprescindíveis para a melhoria do acesso da população às plantas medicinais de forma segura, à inclusão social e regional, além do uso sustentável da biodiversidade brasileira. Como a escola é um espaço de formação de futuros cidadãos e a educação é um elemento indispensável de transformação, o presente trabalho através da gestão participativa visa levar à unidade escolar e ao seu entorno ações educativas que promovam a saúde e o desenvolvimento sustentável utilizando plantas medicinais como tema gerador. Os alunos realizarão um levantamento das plantas medicinais utilizadas pelos seus pais e responsáveis e a partir dos dados obtidos construirão uma horta medicinal, um herbário e aprenderão práticas de compostagem. Também visitarão outras instituições com projetos relacionados com plantas medicinais. Além disso, pais e responsáveis com conhecimentos de plantas medicinais terão a oportunidade de organizar e realizar eventos. Todas as atividades servirão de ferramenta para os educadores abordarem temas de acordo com os conteúdos apresentados em sala de aula. Assim, acreditamos estar contribuindo para a formação de cidadãos conscientes, responsáveis e participantes, aumentando a autoestima a partir do momento que se sentirem parte integrante do projeto, bem como contribuir com a implantação das diretrizes do Programa Nacional de Plantas Medicinais e Fitoterápicos atendendo às demandas das comunidades locais com o resgate do saberes relativos às plantas medicinais já utilizadas pela comunidade local e o esclarecimento sobre a sua correta utilização.
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