This paper presents a novel analysis of Sluicing, an ellipsis construction first described by Ross (1969) and illustrated by the bracketed portion of 1 want to do something, but I'm just not sure [what _]. Starting from the assumption that a sluice consists of a displaced Wh-constituent and an empty IP, we show how simple and general LF operations fill out the empty IP and thereby provide it with an interpretable Logical Form. The LF operations we appeal to rely on the influential theory of indefinites developed by Irene Heim and Hans Kamp, and are in harmony with certain aspects of Chomsky's Minimalist Program for linguistic theory. The analysis accounts directly for the familiar properties of Sluicing, as well as some facts which have not previously been observed. INTRODUCTIONSluicing is the name given by Ross (1969) to the ellipsis construction bracketed in (1):(1) a. Somebody just left -guess [who]. (Ross 1969, 252) b. They claimed they had settled on something, but it wasn't dear [what].In this construction, a displaced Wh-phrase occurs in isolation in a syntactic environment where one might have expected to find a complete constituent question. Compare the sluices in (1) with the corresponding complete embedded questions in (2): (2) Our approach to the analysis of Sluicing is different from Ross's. Starting from the assumption that there is no content in the d-structure of a sluice corresponding to the ellipsis, we ask how this radically reduced structure is interpreted. Our answer is that the interpretation is read off a Logical Form which is constructed for the sluice via simple and principled LF operations.Here we present and motivate the LF operations that supply a Logical Form for sluices. Our overall aims are two: First, we argue that our LF approach offers the best available account of Sluicing (other accounts can be found in Ross 1969;Rosen 1976;Williams 1977;Levin 1982;Chao 1987;Lobeck 1991Lobeck , 1992and Ginzburg 1992). Second, we show that the LF operations we appeal to are both general and well-behaved -almost expected -from the viewpoint of current syntactic and semantic theory. If we are correct, then the existence of this ellipsis construction, which seemed rather arcane when first documented by Ross, follows immediately from the overall architecture of the LF component and the operations it makes available. In this sense, our investigation can be read as an extended argument in favor of a certain conception of Logical Form.

With this study of Maori and Chamorro, Sandra Chung and William Ladusaw make a valuable contribution to the growing literature on the formal semantic analysis of non-Indo-European languages. Their ultimate focus is on how the study of these Austronesian languages can illuminate the alternatives for semantic interpretation and their interaction with syntactic structure. Revisiting the analysis of indefiniteness in terms of restricted free variables, they claim that some varieties of indefinites are better analyzed by taking restriction and saturation to be fundamental semantic operations.Chapters examine the general topic of modes of composition (including predicate restriction and syntactic versus semantic saturation), types of indefinite determiners in Maori, and object incorporation in Chamorro (including discussions of the extra object and restriction without saturation). The authors' goal is that the two case studies they offer, and their larger focus on modes of composition, will contribute to a broader account of the interaction of form, position, and semantic interpretation.

Objective We examined whether the depiction of brown adipose tissue (BAT) with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in pediatric patients is associated with anthropometric meaures. Study design We determined measures of body mass, adiposity, and musculature in 71 children and adolescents who underwent PET/CT examinations and compared patients with and without BAT. We used regression analyses to assess the relation between BAT and anthropometric measures. Results A total of 30 patients (42%) had BAT depicted on PET/CT, 10 of 26 girls (38%) and 20 of 45 boys (44%). Compared with patients without functional BAT, patients with BAT had significantly greater neck musculature (1880 ± 908 cm3 versus 1299 ± 806 cm3; P = .028 for boys and 1295 ± 586 cm3 versus 854 ± 392 cm3; P = .030 for girls) and gluteus musculature (1359 ± 373 cm3 versus 1061 ± 500 cm3; P = .032 for boys and 1138 ± 425 cm3 versus 827 ± 297 cm3; P = .038 for girls), but no differences in age, body mass index, or measures of subcutaneous fat. With logistic regression analyses, neck and pelvic musculature predicted the presence of BAT independently of age, sex, body size, and season of scan (P = .018 and .009, respectively). Conclusion Pediatric patients with visualized BAT on PET/CT examinations had significantly greater muscle volume than patients with no visualized BAT.

This study investigates differences in CT Hounsfield units (HUs) between metabolically active (brown fat) and inactive adipose tissues (white fat) due to variations in their densities. PET/CT data from 101 pediatric and adolescent patients were analyzed. Regions of metabolically active and inactive adipose tissues were identified and standard uptake values (SUVs) and HUs were measured. HUs of active brown fat were more positive (p<0.001) than inactive fat (−62.4±5.3 versus −86.7±7.0) and the difference was observed in both males and females.

Our results underscore the strength of the local connections between bone and marrow adiposity. Increasing our understanding of the mechanism for this association could lead to better diagnosis and treatment approaches for osteoporosis.