and industrial interests in energy conversion processes, such as electrocatalytic and thermocatalytic reactions, the availability of suitable catalysts for target reactions with superior sustainability, selectivity, reactivity, and endurability is the key. [6] Recent studies have suggested that catalysts alloying with RE elements significantly influence their performance in energy conversion and storage. [7] The RE elements with unique electronic configurations of [Xe] 4f n−1 5d 0−1 6s 2 (n = 1-15) give an extra rhythm in tuning their functional properties from the perspective of their electronic and catalytic activities and are significantly promising in increasing the materials' activity and performance stability for a particular system of interest. [8] RE-based alloy catalysts have been ameliorating capabilities from both the RE elements and their alloys, which could pave the way for the industrialization of these alloy catalysts in the near future.Alloying with RE elements gives the alloy richer mechanistic functionalities, electronic structures, activities and spatial arrangements, resulting in well-controlled surface reaction kinetics and better reaction activities. [9] For instance, RE alloys have more stable structures than common transition-metalbased alloy catalyst due to the exceptionally negative alloy formation energies; Pt-RE alloys exhibit the highest activity of all ORR catalysts ever reported; and some RE alloys have low work function due to the anionic electrons contained in the unit cell etc. [7] Chemical synthesis of RE alloys for catalytic To improve the performance of metallic catalysts, alloying provides an efficient methodology to design state-of-the-art materials. As emerging functional materials, rare-earth metal compounds can integrate the unique orbital structure and catalytic behavior of rare earth elements into metallic materials. Such rare-earth containing alloy catalysts proffer an opportunity to tailor electronic properties, tune charged carrier transport, and synergize surface reactivity, which are expected to significantly improve the performance and stability of catalysis. Despite its significance, there are only few reviews on rare earth containing alloys or related topics. This review summarizes the composition, synthesis, and applications of rare earth containing alloys in the field of catalysis. Subsequent to comprehensively summarizing and constructively discussing the existing work, the challenges and possibilities of future research on rare-earth metal compound materials are evaluated.
The development of advanced electronic devices is boosting many aspects of modern technology and industry. The ever‐increasing demand for advanced electrical devices and integrated circuits calls for the design of novel materials, with superior properties for the improvement of working performance. In this review, a detailed overview of the synthesis strategies of 2D metal organic frameworks (MOFs) acquiring growing attention is presented, as a basis for expansion of novel key materials in electrical devices and integrated circuits. A framework of controllable synthesis routes to be implanted in the synthesis strategies of 2D materials and MOFs is described. In short, the synthesis methods of 2D MOFs are summarized and discussed in depth followed by the illustrations of promising applications relating to various electrical devices and integrated circuits. It is concluded by outlining how 2D MOFs can be synthesized in a simpler, highly efficient, low‐cost, and more environmentally friendly way which can open up their applicable opportunities as key materials in advanced electrical devices and integrated circuits, enabling their use in broad aspects of the society.
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