The rapid and precise detection of diseases and plant disorders is the basis for the adequate and timely design of management strategies. Currently, there are several non-destructive alternatives that allow early detection, highlighting the use of spectral cameras attached to unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of multispectral cameras on UAVs to discriminate vascular wilt caused by Verticillium spp., (VW), waterlogging stress (WL), and an unknown alteration (UA) in commercial potato (Solanum tuberosum) variety "Diacol Capiro" crops. Plots were monitored during the crop cycle, performing the visual characterization of the diseases and disorders present. Five spectral band images were acquired using a MicaSense RedEdge spectral camera attached to a Map-T680 hexacopter drone to extract the bands and calculate the vegetation indices that were calibrated and evaluated to determine their ability to discriminate between diseased and healthy plants based on a generalized linear model (GLM) and Kappa index. Additionally, the supervised random forest classification method was implemented, optimized, and evaluated using the accuracy, area under receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC), kappa index, and inference error based on k-fold cross-validation. After algorithms optimization our results show a classifier accuracy, kappa and ROC-AUC values to VW, WL and UA between 73.5-82.5%, 0.56-0.71, 0.97-0.98, and 35 37.5-51.9%, 0.07-0.06, and 0.88-0.94 for plots 1 and 2, respectively. This study reports an approach to the use of multispectral cameras attached to UAVs as a tool with potential for the detection of diseases and physiological disorders in commercial potato crops.

El prolapso de cúpula vaginal posthisterectomía es una entidad de difícil manejo quirúrgico; una de las técnicas más utilizadas es la fijación de la cúpula vaginal al sacro, la cual requiere hacer tunelización retroperitoneal con el riesgo de lesiones vasculares, por eso en la técnica que en este trabajo se describe se obvia la disección retroperitoneal extensa, recurriendo a un artificio realizado con el peritoneo.

Eye diseases have been a severe problem worldwide, especially in developing countries where technology and finance are limited. Today, the problem is being resolved thanks to pattern classification that is part of pattern recognition, and its primary goal is to group standard features from any entity, object, phenomenon, or event belonging to the real or abstract world. Convolutional Neural Networks are a type of Artificial Neural Network that is much used in intelligent pattern classification, learning machine, and data mining. Also, these algorithms are applied in medicine and ophthalmology for detecting diseases in the human body. This work presents a novel intelligent pattern classification algorithm based on a convolutional neural network, which is validated through the K-Fold Cross Validation test. Two different groups of retinography images are given: Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy. The result of accuracy percentage was of 99.89%. Numerical metrics: Accuracy, Recall, Specificity Precision and F1score with values close to 1, and ROC curves support the suitable performance of the proposed classifier.