Proposta de gestão integrada das águas urbanas como estratégia de promoção da segurança hídrica: o caso de Fortaleza Proposal of integrated urban waters management as a strategy to promote water security: the Fortaleza case ABSTRACT The study proposes the use of integrated urban water-management models as a strategy to promote water security and drought preparedness. It was developed in two stages: assessment of water system's vulnerability; proposition of the integrated urban water management model. In the first step, a flow network model was used to simulate the water system. In the second stage, the inductive method was applied after conducting an exploratory research. The assessment of the water vulnerabilities revealed a deficit in Fortaleza's water supply in 2.56% of the simulated period and the complete emptying of Castanhão's reservoir in 6.52% of the months. The integrated urban water management model is based on the management of water supply and water demand. In the first case, it is proposed that Fortaleza's supply system be constituted by conventional water sources (surface waters) and by alternative sources (groundwater, rainwater, desalination of sea water). For the management of demand, it is pointed out the use of water saving plumbing fixtures and financial mechanisms. This model presents a more robust matrix of water supply sources, which increases the water security of urban centers.

RESUMOO artigo avalia a transferência de risco de uma política de alocação de água entre dois setores usuários: abastecimento urbano e irrigação. Para isso, a alocação entre usos foi realizada utilizando dois métodos: rateio linear e rateio com prioridades (adotado em períodos de escassez hídrica). O volume disponível para alocação foi obtido utilizando duas estratégias de operação INTRODUÇÃOA história da apropriação do recurso água pelas diversas sociedades é marcada por crises de ordens econômicas, sociais, políticas, por inovações tecnocientíficas e pela compreensão do tempo-espaço.Para Harvey (2014), o tempo instantâneo e o espaço fluido se constroem e se reconstroem por relações sociais que extrapolam os limites fronteiriços dos lugares e modificam as relações próximo-distante e local-local.

Drought is widely known as a complex natural hazard, not just by its climatological features but also by human experiences and socio-economical impacts. Drought preparedness is the only way a society can mitigate effects and better cope with droughts. Here we present a methodological approach to guide the implementation of proactive drought plans, specially designed for hydrossystems and cities scales. We highlight strategies to engage local stakeholders in constructing such plans and build a participatory methodology. The preparedness drought plan methodology was developed and applied to two hydrosystems and two cities located in the Piranhas-Açu river basin, a drought-prone area of Brazilian Semi-arid. Our ndings suggest that participatory socio-technical methodologies, built only from the system operators' tacit knowledge, can achieve good results when data and resources are limited. Still, results can be enhanced by hydrologic and hydraulic modeling to assess vulnerability, scenarios and strategies. We illustrate and analyze the process by storytelling to develop a meaningful and convincing narrative that speaks to theory and practice, and we provide recommendations to facilitate this approach.

No abstract

Drought is widely known as a complex natural hazard, not just by its climatological features but also by human experiences and socio-economical impacts. Drought preparedness is the only way a society can mitigate effects and better cope with droughts. Here we present a methodological approach to guide the implementation of proactive drought plans, specially designed for hydrossystems and cities scales. We highlight strategies to engage local stakeholders in constructing such plans and build a participatory methodology. The preparedness drought plan methodology was developed and applied to two hydrosystems and two cities located in the Piranhas-Açu river basin, a drought-prone area of Brazilian Semi-arid. Our findings suggest that participatory socio-technical methodologies, built only from the system operators' tacit knowledge, can achieve good results when data and resources are limited. Still, results can be enhanced by hydrologic and hydraulic modeling to assess vulnerability, scenarios and strategies. We illustrate and analyze the process by storytelling to develop a meaningful and convincing narrative that speaks to theory and practice, and we provide recommendations to facilitate this approach.