The social investment perspective has become a prominent topic in both social policy discussions and theoretical considerations regarding welfare state change. Empirical evidence on how this perspective has affected welfare state provision is much scarcer—and sometimes contradictory. This article aims to assess whether welfare state benefits increasingly have incorporated elements of social investment, and what has triggered the reforms made to the benefits. To achieve these aims, we examined two poverty relief benefits in Austria, namely, unemployment assistance and social assistance. We scrutinized changes made to these benefits from 2000 onwards. To identify their (potentially changing) contributions towards social investment, we applied a framework that considers the economic aims of the paradigm (while neglecting other aims). According to this framework, a social investment benefit intends to improve the human capital of its recipients, enhance their employability, and/or enhance their employment integration. The findings suggest that the three elements of social investment were particularly relevant in reforming social assistance. However, the changes implemented were incoherent and do not support the hypothesis of an ever‐increasing significance of social investment. The main triggers for reform were the political ideologies of (changing) governments. These ideologies determined the direction of changes made to both social assistance and unemployment assistance. If social investment thus ought to be more than just a theoretical concept or a nonbinding policy recommendation, modifications made to welfare state benefits would need to follow a more coherent path. Regarding poor relief benefits, Austria has not pursued such a track (yet).
Entwickelte Wohlfahrtsstaaten stehen aktuell vor schwierigen demografischen, ökonomischen und finanziellen Herausforderungen. Ein vielfach vorgeschlagener Weg, um mit diesen Herausforderungen umzugehen, ist die Etablierung von Sozialinvestitionsstaaten. Wiewohl diese Option zur Reformierung traditioneller Wohlfahrtsstaaten generell positiv rezipiert wird, bleibt unklar, was Sozialinvestitionen genau sind. Aufgrund divergierender Abgrenzungen kommen empirische Studien zur Entwicklung von Sozialinvestitionen zu mitunter unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. In diesem Artikel schlagen wir eine Konzeptualisierung von Sozialinvestitionen vor, die wir aus der ökonomischen Humankapitaltheorie ableiten. In diesem Sinn definieren wir sozialpolitische Maßnahmen, welche die Beschäftigungsfähigkeit von Personen erhöhen (wollen), Menschen nachhaltig in den Erwerbsarbeitsmarkt integrieren (wollen) und/oder in das Humankapital von (zukünftigen) Arbeitskräften investieren (wollen), als sozialinvestive Maßnahmen. Wir zeigen Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede unseres relativ engen Abgrenzungsvorschlags mit in der Literatur bislang verwendeten Konzeptualisierungen auf und leiten auf dieser Basis Stärken und Schwächen unseres Ansatzes ab.
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