This study gives a review on the process of identification of significant pressures and impacts, which is an important part of river basin planning and in particular for implementing the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC). The questions: what is a "significant pressure" in terms of the WFD? which sources and driving forces have to be regarded? which data can be used? which pressure on a water body is significant? and which implications and requirements result from the identification process?--should be considered. The European Commission requires reporting from all Member States about the status of the water bodies within a river basin district and about the risk of failing the environmental objectives by the end of 2004. Therefore, a number of prevailing projects across Europe aim to develop a guideline on a common understanding of the most effective approach towards the identification of significant anthropogenic pressures, and the analysis of potential impacts including the identification of appropriate tools and models. In such a guideline suitable and intelligent criteria have to be developed in order to enable a uniform assessment of the anthropogenic pressures within a river basin district.
RESUMO:No Brasil a educação das crianças de 0 a 5 anos vem sendo efetivada desde o fim do século XIX, com a presença de distintas instituições marcadas por um projeto educativo diferenciado pelo tempo de permanência na escola. A interrogação que propomos refletir é se a presença na Educação Infantil de turnos prolongados pode ser entendida como Tempo Integral ou como Educação Integral. A análise da intencionalidade de promover no cotidiano da Educação Infantil a articulação entre as áreas da educação, da saúde, da cultura e da justiça e de proporcionar a integralidade do projeto pedagógico e a integralidade das relações da escola no tempo e nos espaços nos leva a compreender que uma Educação Integral somente se efetiva numa perspectiva de experiência educativa como encontro intersubjetivo implicado com o mundo comum. Palavras-chave: Turno integral. Educação infantil. Creche. Pré-escola. Educação Integral.
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