Las necesidades de agua de riego de los cultivos se basan en la estimación de la evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo) de cada zona en particular, están sujetas a la limitación de información meteorológica existente. El objetivo fue calcular ETo con FAO-Penman-Monteith (FAO-P-M), Hargreaves (H), Priestly-Taylor (P-T) y redes neuronales artificiales (RNA). Se utilizaron datos de la estación meteorológica de la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo para el periodo 2003-2009. En los métodos de H y P-T, se utilizaron cuatro variables climáticas para su cálculo y en RNA se construyeron diferentes escenarios para evaluar el comportamiento de la red, al cambiar las variables climáticas de entrada y la cantidad de neuronas en la capa oculta. Los resultados del coeficiente de determinación (r2) y raíz cuadrada del cuadrado medio del error (RMSE) de H y P-T son: 0.5378, 0.8553 y 0.6977, 0.6501 respectivamente. Para RNA se encontró que con el mayor número de variables y de neuronas en la capa oculta se obtuvo una r2 0.9986, y RMSE 0.0297 y en el escenario con el menor número de variables y de neuronas en la capa oculta fueron: 0.7549 y 0.5555. Si se tienen todas las variables climáticas es mejor RNA debido a que los resultados RMSE son cercanos a cero y su r2 se aproxima a uno. Si en RNA decrece el número de neuronas en la capa oculta y las variables, da mayor error la estimación de ETo, pero menor a los obtenidos por H y P-T.
Research is a core university activity that contributes to the formation of critical thinking by students and teachers and promotes knowledge and scientific development that may help built better societies. The good performance of a university research system depends on, among other things, the ability to properly distribute the limited financial resources that are allocated to this activity. A common problem in grading activities usually considered in research is the integration of a long list of criteria and sub-criteria. The aim of this study was to determine how financial resources are distributed among all the research centers and institutes at the Universidad Autonoma Chapingo (UACh). Three methods were used for weighting criteria: simple ranking, point distribution and analytic hierarchy process. The aggregation of the values was carried out using TOPSIS and weighted sum methods and the resulting distributions were compared to the traditional way of distributing resources. It was concluded that although the differences were not significant, the TOSPIS method provides a more reliable allocation.
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