No abstract

O álcool é uma das principais causas de sofrimento global, sendo uma prática comum entre estudantes universitários. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência do consumo de álcool e a influência de gênero e ano letivo entre estudantes de Medicina de Volta Redonda, RJ. Métodos: Foi aplicado o questionário validado Teste para Identificação de Problemas Relacionados ao Álcool (AUDIT) em 265 estudantes de um curso de Medicina. Foram usadas análises de regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência do consumo de álcool foi de 81,1%. O hábito de beber no primeiro semestre (60%) em ambos gêneros aumenta com o decorrer do curso (p=0,012). A prática de beber pesado episódico (BPE) foi superior nos homens em comparação às mulheres (p=0,01). Os homens apresentam chance de 130% maior de consumo nocivo de álcool em relação às mulheres (p= 0,00). O grupo com consumo nocivo teve uma chance 640% maior de não cumprir as tarefas habituais e 110% maior de participar de uma agressão física (p=0,00). Discussão: Nossos resultados são consistentes com a literatura e mostram um notável consumo de álcool em estudantes de Medicina, sendo preocupante pela frequência e pelo volume. Conclusão: Há a necessidade de incorporação de programas de educação e prevenção do uso do álcool entre estudantes do curso de Medicina.

The clinical and epidemiological characteristics, adverse events, treatment adherence and effectiveness of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis were analyzed in a cohort of 138 tuberculosis/HIV-coinfected patients. An open, nonrandomized, pragmatic prophylactic trial was conducted on adult patients with a normal chest X-ray and positive tuberculin skin test (≥ 5 mm) who received isoniazid chemoprophylaxis (300 mg/day) for six months. The mean of follow up was 2.8 years (SD 1.3). Adherence to chemoprophylaxis was 87.7% (121/138Several studies have shown that TB chemoprophylaxis reduces the risk of the disease in HIV-infected patients with a positive tuberculin test (induration ≥ 5 mm in diameter) (de Pinho et al. 2001, Grant et al. 2005. One of the strategies to reduce TB among patients with HIV recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO 2007), American Thoracic Society (ATS 2000) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC 2003) is the introduction of isoniazid (INH). In the present article, we use the term "TB chemoprophylaxis" since the guidelines of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MS) for HIV-infected subjects recommend INH monotherapy for 6 months using a dose of 300 mg/day (ATS 2000, MS 2007.In Brazil, one study showed a 3.5 fold increase in the risk of TB in AIDS patients (de Castro Toledo et al. 2000), while another study concluded that TB chemoprophylaxis has an important impact on the survival of HIV-seropositive patients with a positive tuberculin test, reducing the risk of TB by 38%, irrespective of antiretroviral therapy (de Pinho et al. 2001). The use of both INH and antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients is associated with a significantly reduced incidence of TB .Prophylactic trials for TB chemoprophylaxis are still rare in Brazil, a fact supporting the importance of concrete data regarding the effectiveness and safety of this preventive strategy (de Castro Toledo et al. 2000, de Pinho et al. 2001). Thus, the objective of the present study was to describe the clinicalepidemiological and behavioral characteristics, adverse events, adherence to scheduled visits and prescriptions and the effectiveness of TB chemoprophylaxis in a cohort of patients coinfected with HIV and TB. PaTIEnTS, MaTERIaL anD METHODSAn open, non-randomized, pragmatic prophylactic trial regarding INH prophylaxis (300 mg/day) for six months was conducted at the Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute (IPEC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of IPEC/Fiocruz (protocol 000011/009-02).The target population consisted of patients of both genders, over 18 years old, coinfected with TB and HIV and followed up at IPEC. Included in the study were patients with normal chest X-rays who did not mention BCG re-vaccination and had a positive purified protein derivative (PPD)-tuberculin skin test (induration ≥ 5 mm in diameter) performed by a trained professional. The patients agreed to participate in the study and signed a free informed consent form. This cutoff point was estab...