Sažetak. Urostoma je kirurški oblikovan otvor na koži trbuha s namjenom derivacije urina. Potreba stvaranja urostome najčešće se javlja kod kirurškog liječenja invazivnoga karcinoma mokraćnog mjehura. S obzirom na to da se urostoma oblikuje u sklopu zahtjevne i često mutilirajuće operacije, edukacija i priprema pacijenta je veoma bitna, a započinje i prije zahvata. Nakon postavljene dijagnoze i određivanja kirurškog oblika liječenja veliku važnost u daljnjoj pripremi pacijenta ima medicinska sestra. Ona pacijentu razumljivim jezikom objašnjava uobičajen tijek oporavka, posebnosti poslijeoperacijskih potreba te rukovanje i brigu oko urostomije. Pacijentu se pokažu uzorci vrećica i podloga kako bi imao jasnu predodžbu o onome što ga očekuje. U ranom poslijeoperacijskom razdoblju, istovremeno s njegom, medicinska sestra provodi edukaciju o rukovanju podlogama i vrećicama te higijeni urostome. Pacijent promatranjem i ponavljanjem radnji uči te se privikava na svoje promijenjeno tijelo. Budući da pacijenti vrlo često teško prihvaćaju svoju bolest i kirurški zahvat, medicinska sestra važna je u pružanju psihološke potpore pacijentu i njegovoj obitelji. Pri otpustu iz bolnice pacijent i njegova obitelj spremni su za samostalno rukovanje vrećicama i brigu o urostomi. Također su upoznati s prehrambenim potrebama i mogućim ograničenjima pri ponovnoj integraciji u društveni život.Ključne riječi: medicinska sestra; urostoma; zdravstvena njega Abstract. A stoma is a surgically shaped opening in the abdomen skin used for diverting urine. The need for a stoma typically arises in patients with invasive, surgically treated bladder cancer. As it is a difficult and mutilating surgery, educating and preparing patients begins before the procedure. Following the diagnosis and determining surgical treatment, the nurse plays a key role in further preparing the patient. The nurse must, in a way understandable for the patient, explain the typical course of recovery, special postoperative dietary requirements, and how to handle and take care of the stoma bags. The patient is shown samples of bags and surfaces in order to clearly understand what they can expect. In the early postoperative period, simultaneously with patient care, the nurse educates the patient on handling surfaces and bags, as well as stoma hygiene. The patient learns through observation and repetition of actions, and that way gets accustomed to their changed body. Since patients often have difficulties accepting their illness and surgical procedure, the nurse is important for providing psychological support for the patient and their family. When discharged from the hospital, the patient and their family are ready for independently handling the bags and taking care of the stoma. They are also informed about the dietary requirements and possible limitations for reintegration into society.
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