A semimicro-size agglomerate structured silicon-carbon (mSi-C) composite is constructed by an aggregation of silicon nanoparticles (~100 nm) coated with conductive carbon layer through a facile and scalable aerosol-assisted process to be employed as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As-formed mSi-C composite delivers good electrochemical performances of high reversible capacity (2084 mAh/g) between 0.01-1.50 V (vs. Li/Li +) at 0.4 A/g, 96% capacity retention (1999 mAh/g) after 50 cycles and good rate capability (906 mAh/g) at 12 A/g. Such good performances can be attributed to 1) unique composite structure which accommodates the stress induced by volume change of silicon during lithiation/delithiation and facilitates ion transport, and 2) conformally formed carbon layer which enhances conductivity of the composite and helps to form a stable SEI layer. In addition, a high tap density (0.448 g/cm 3) of mSi-C composite leads to high volumetric capacity (933 mAh/cm 3), allowing its practical applications as an anode material towards high performance LIBs.

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The aim of this study is to develop a new probabilistic approach to determine nominal values for tank sloshing loads in structural design of LNG FPSO (liquefied natural gas, floating production, storage, and offloading units). Details of the proposed procedure are presented in a flow chart showing the key subtasks. The applicability of the method is demonstrated using an example of a hypothetical LNG FPSO operating in a natural gas site off a hypothetical oceanic region. It is noted that the proposed method is still under development for determining reliable estimates of extreme sloshing induced impact loads.It is concluded that the developed method is useful for determining the sloshing design loads in ship-shaped offshore LNG installations in combination with virtual metocean data and operational conditions.