Hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites employ metal oxides to improve the charge transport properties and stability of the conjugated polymer. They are considered one of the most interesting candidates for optoelectronic applications....

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The present study endeavors in the preparation and characterization of semi crystalline 45S5 bioglass (BG) (SiO2-CaO-P2O5) through sol gel process. Dry press mold technique was used in the preparation porous BG tablets to examine the bioactivity through invitro studies. The synthesized BG powder was subjected to structural, morphological and mechanical characterization and the bioactivity was examined in vitro by immersing the BG tablet in the Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution. XRD pattern and the SEM micrographs revealed the semi crystalline nature of BG with spherical morphology. The elemental analysis confirms the presence of vital constituents required for Bone regeneration (Calcium, Phosphorous, Silica, and Sodium). The surface characterization of BG tablet reveals the pores structure of average pore size of 240nm which contributed to the high surface activity resulting in formation of carbonated hydroxy apatite (HCAP) when immersed in SBF. The disintegration studies denoted the stabilization period was after 48 of immersion of BG tablets in SBF solution. The compressive strength measurement of the tablet also reveals the higher mechanical stability.

The higher basicity and uncontrolled defect states in the planar zinc oxide (ZnO) electron selective layer (ESL) cause rapid deprotonation of the perovskite absorber which results in higher interface charge recombination at the perovskite/ESL interface restricting the usage of ZnO as the ESL in perovskite solar cells. In this work, the isoelectric point (IEP) of ZnO was tuned by introducing a manganese (Mn4+) dopant in ZnO for the first time. The higher oxidation state of the Mn dopant reduces the basicity of the doped ZnO ESL and controls the perovskite deprotonation at the Mn:ZnO/perovskite interface. The doping of Mn4+ in ZnO results in the generation of two free electrons causing higher conductivity of Mn:ZnO films. The dual effect of a lower IEP and higher conductivity of the Mn:ZnO film along with its improved n-type behavior results in higher surface photovoltage and reduced trap-filled limited voltage (V TFL), which resulted in a higher open-circuit voltage (V oc) (0.92 to 0.99 V). The negligible PbI2 formation at the Mn:ZnO/perovskite interface, lower leakage current (1 order lower than that of ZnO), and a comparatively reduced diode ideality factor (n id) validate the improvement of perovskite/interface stability. The above-mentioned merits of the Mn-doped ZnO-based ESL improved the mixed-cation perovskite power conversion efficiency from 11.7 to 13.6%, which is ∼15% higher than that of a bare ZnO-based ESL. Furthermore, a considerably improved device stability of over 100 h under high relative humidity condition (RH >70%) was observed for the Mn-doped ZnO ESL without any encapsulation.

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