Purpose In a modern business scenario, firms have implemented customer-centric approaches to enable customer relationship management (CRM) to trigger business excellence. Business strategies are modernizing business marketing operations that mainly focused on the retention of profitable customers. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of marketing strategies (MS), information technology support (IT-S) and knowledge sharing (KS) in the effect of CRM in the pharmaceutical sector of Punjab, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from the field force of national and international pharmaceuticals companies (N = 263) through a convenience sampling technique. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to examine data in SmartPLS 3.2.6. Findings The results indicated that IT-S and KS mediate the relationship between MS and CRM. More specifically, MS positively develops CRM through IT-S and KS. Originality/value This research contributes to the existing literature of pharmaceuticals by disclosing the field-force (medical representatives) specific role in developing CRM performance between pharmaceuticals firms and health-care physicians that are mainly based on knowledge advancement and influence these firms to adopt customer-centric business approaches to gain a competitive advantage to drive firm profitability.

The current study aimed to investigate how Pakistani students felt about their English language anxiety using the Clément and Baker self-confidence questionnaire. The researcher conducted a pre-test to check the validity and reliability of the English Self-confidence Questionnaires among Pakistani students. All of the participants in the sample, who were chosen at random and ranged in age from 18 to 29, were enrolled in public sector programs of study. The study's data was analyzed on (SPSS statistical software for social sciences version 23). In the data analysis stage, descriptive statistics are used first in data analysis techniques to analyze the means and percentages of the data. The pretest of the questionnaire, given to 50 participants, was followed by the study. Pre-testing involved recruiting college and undergraduate public students from the general population (n = 50). The survey was distributed to Pakistani students at several institutions online via Google-form. According to reliability and validity analysis, the total Cronbach's alpha was 0.949, which indicated high statistical reliability. According to the study's findings, item no. 6's validity score was low. On the other hand, the scale's other items have strong validity. The research concluded that the English self-confidence scale is a valid and reliable tool for use with Pakistani students experiencing language anxiety. Supposing the data analysis was cross-sectional, the observed results could only address the descriptive and discriminative power of English self-confidence scales for public school/college and undergraduate students. More research is needed since these findings are based on a cross-sectional study and convenience samples.

Background: Gestational diabetes becoming a common gestational complication today generation. Data on effectiveness of relaxation therapy and relation of depression to that was not much significant. The study was design to measure the effectiveness of relaxation therapy in management of depression in GDM mothers. Objective: To determine the effects of relaxation therapy for the management of depression in gestational diabetes. Methodology: Current study is a randomized controlled trial including 40 participants who were randomly selected into control and interventional group. Interventional group was treated with Laura Mitchell Relaxation Techniques and breathing exercises once a week and followed for 6 weeks whereas control group was given conventional pharmacotherapy treatment only. Edinburgh Postnatal. Depression Scale (EPDS) has been used to evaluate the depression in both groups at the baseline and after 6 weeks. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS v.21. Paired t-test and independent t-test has been used to interpret the data. Results: Mean age of mothers was 30.97 ±5.17 years. The mean gestational age of mothers was 33.82±3.26 weeks; control group had mean gestational age (GA) 33.60±2.58 weeks and interventional group had mean G.A 34.05±3.88 weeks. The paired t-test value for both groups showed a significant increment i.e. (p <0.05) in reduction of depression that was measured through EPDS, pre-treatment mean value for group control is 16.75 ± 2.6 and post 6 weeks is 10.40 + 2.3 while pre-treatment mean for interventional group is 15.70 + 1.6 and post is 7.70 + 1.4.The independent t-test when applied on post-treatment results, it showed result with P <0.001 which shown significant reduction of pain in interventional group. Conclusion: Relaxation exercises are significant in reducing depression in females with gestational diabetes. Keywords: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), Laura Mitchell Relaxation Techniques, Relaxation Therapy.

Dysmenorrhea is very unpleasant sensation with the presence of painful cramps of uterine origin that occur during menstruation. Prevalence rate of dysmenorrhea is 50% in females’ population. Evidence tells that inactive lifestyle as well as poor diet is main reason of primary dysmenorrheal as well as women who exercise have a reduced incidence of dysmenorrhea. Objectives: To find the effectiveness of high intensity aerobics and pelvic clock exercises in primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: The study design was randomized control trials. Purposive sampling technique was used. Girls aged 17–24 years with regular menstrual cycle and unmarried girls were included. Athletes, married women with gynecological abnormalities were excluded. A structured 8 weeks’ program (3 days in a week, 1hour per day) was given to Group A including set of London bridges (8 mins), Jumping lunges (8 mins), Mountain climbers (8 mins), Quadruped bent knee hip extension (8 mins), Warm up 10 minutes, 25 minutes for high intensity aerobics. Group B were assigned 25 minutes for Pelvic clock exercises (gradually increased during with weeks) performed from 12 to 6 o’clock, as instructed to move from 3 o clock to 9 o clock. Then movement in a clockwise manner from 12 to 3 to 6 to 9 and then back to 12 o’ clock. Outcome measures were calculated by visual analog scale VAS, DASS 21 and self-administered questionnaire for dysmenorrhea symptoms. Results: Both techniques were effective for managing the patients of pain during menstruation, but patients who were treated with high intensity aerobics exercise showed more significant result as compared to another group with p-value < 0.05. Conclusions: High intensity aerobics and Pelvic clock exercises in primary dysmenorrhea, both are effective but high intensity aerobics had given more efficient results