This article reviews the possible and expected effects of climate change on certain components of human security in Africa. Due to multiple stresses, Africa is one of the continents most vulnerable to climate change and climate variability. Climate change and climate variability not only have the potential to impose additional pressures on human security and to overwhelm adaptive capacities of societies, climate change is also deemed to influence a diverse array of conflicts. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, one of the greatest impacts of climate change might be on human mobility. To this end, the chapter focuses on the socio-political and legal aspects of climate-change-induced movement of environmental migrants, refugees and displaced persons, and potential human rights responses thereto. * This article is an updated version of Ruppel & van Wyk (2011a). 1 CHS (2003). 2 UNDP (1994).

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This contribution considers the climate change law and policy positions in South Africa and Mauritius, and examnies the national strategies employed by these two African jurisdictions in adaptation to climate change and mitigation of climate change in terms of the Paris Agreement and with reference to the principle of common but differentiated responsibility. In addition, the nationally determined contributions of both countries, with regard to adaptation and mitigation, are considered and the related legislative and policy developments in South Africa and Mauritius are also discussed.