Objective: The aim of the study was to determine a correlation between the level of 25-hydroxivitamin D (25-OHD) and the incidence of diabetes. Subjects and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 97 (out of an initial 100) Caucasian women with osteoporosis (OS) were monitored for 2 years for the incidence of diabetes. Logistic regression analysis was used to establish an association with and prognostic value of vitamin D for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as insulin resistance, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the development of diabetes. The serum level of 25-OHD was measured using immunochemiluminescence in March and April 2011. Results: Of the 97 patients (mean age 51.64 ± 5.86 years, range 36.0-73.0), 21 (21.65%) were diagnosed with diabetes during the observational period. The study showed that the 22 patients with low levels of vitamin D were more susceptible to diabetes (odds ratio = 0.958). The cut-off value of vitamin D using a receiver operating characteristic curve was 62.36 nmol/l with a sensitivity of 39.5% and a specificity of 90.5%. With an increase in BMI and triglyceride levels, women were, respectively, 1,591 and 2,821 times more likely to get diabetes than those without an increase. Conclusion: This study showed that the patients with postmenopausal OS and hypovitaminosis D, besides a high BMI, elevated triglyceride levels and insulin resistance, had an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease in the paediatric age. The growing prevalence of NAFLD and its advanced phenotype, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), in children and adolescents parallels similar trends in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This trend may have serious long-term implications, including hepatic and extra-hepatic morbidity and mortality, the latter being related mostly due to cardiovascular disease and malignancies. This narrative review, which included 237 articles, summarizes current evidence on paediatric NAFLD, including pathophysiology, risk factors, complications, prevention and treatment (existing and emerging). Early recognition of NAFLD followed by timely and adequate management seems to be important on an individual basis. A global “call to action” regarding paediatric NAFLD seems appropriate to mitigate the burden of this disease.

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Introduction. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced colopathy is an uncommon condition associated with the long-term use of enteric-coated and slow-release nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This paper presents such a case of colopathy showing no symptoms or signs, which discovered by a positive immunochemical faecal occult blood test. Case report. Performed within the framework of the National Program for Screening of Colorectal Cancer, a immunochemical faecal occult blood test was positive in 56-yearsold female patient. The colonoscopy revealed three lesions in the right colon: one erosionulceration and two concentric "diaphragm-like" strictures passable by the endoscope. The patient reported that she had been taking diclofenac 100 mg twice daily for the past seven years. After withdrawal of the offending drug, the second colonoscopy indicated marked improvement in the colonic mucosa while the "diaphragm-like" strictures persisted. Conclusion. The cases of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced colopathy are likely to become more frequent. It would therefore be advisable to take long-term use of such drugs into consideration as being a possible factor that leads to mucosal injury, particularly in the right colon, as well as their being a rare reason for a positive immunochemical faecal occult blood test.

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