Background: Presently we are passing through a phase in the area of rehabilitation where in efforts are being made to spread services and training programs to raise awareness level related to mainstreaming and provision of equal rights and opportunity for the mentally retarded individuals. The present study was undertaken keeping in view the fact that an increasing number of children are being diagnosed with mental retardation parallelly an increase number of families will have to address and cope with the stress. The objective of the study was to study the stress perceived by the families having mentally retarded children and to find out the various factors influencing the perceived stressMethods: 100 families and102 mentally retarded children were studied. Section I of family interview for stress and coping in mental retardation (FISC-MR) was used to find out the family burden of care.Results: 47.97% of fathers and 68% of mothers are in the age group of 30-40 years. The severity of retardation was mild in 36 children, moderate in 46 children while 20 had severe retardation, 32% of mother feel mild stress of which 59.3% having education level up to degree college. 61% of mother showing moderate stress of which 68.8% having education level up to degree college. (67.3%) nuclear families show mild stress while only 22 (52.3%) joint families show mild stress.Conclusions: Living with and caring for the person with MR is very stressful and burdensome. High level of stress and burden is associated with increased level of disability; it being the maximum in the caregivers of persons with severe to profound Mental Retardation.

Background: Immunization is one of the best efforts that India is putting forward currently to fight against various vaccine preventable diseases. Cold chain maintenance is always an issue. Therefore, cold chain maintenance is a pre-requisite in the correct delivery of immunization services.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 18 cold chain points (CCPs) of Jhabua district using standard Government of India (GOI) structured questionnaires.Results: Out of 18 cold chain points only 5.55% had dry room for the storage of needle, syringes and other clerical material. A separate voltage stabilizer was attached each to deep freezer and ILR at only 22% of the health centers. Only 55.55% CCPs waste disposal pit constructed as per guideline. 94.45% cold chain handlers (CCHs) knew the definition of cold chain and correct temperature range at which vaccines to be stored, whereas only 33.33% CCHs knew about Shake test. 72.23% CCHs knew how to read vaccine vial monitor (VVM) and stages of VVM correctly. Knowledge of the CCHs regarding open vial policy was poor, with only 33.33% knowing exactly, the details of open vial policy.Conclusions: The quality of immunization programme can be increased by proper maintenance of cold chain and management of vaccine logistics at every designated cold chain point. There is need to improve the knowledge level of CCHs regarding cold chain maintenances and handling practices.

Background: Ujjain is holy city of Lord Mahankal. It is an ancient city on the eastern bank of the Kshipra River. There were total 2508 students studying in 11th and 12th standards in various higher secondary schools of Ujjain city. Reproductive health is a crucial part of general health and a central feature of human development. It is a reflection of health during childhood and crucial during adolescence and adulthood, sets the stage for health beyond the reproductive years. Adolescence is a complex period of myriad of physiological as well psychological changes. This is a time for them to prepare for making responsibilities, a time of exploration and widening horizons and a time to ensure healthy all-around development. Adolescents lack knowledge regarding reproductive health problems. The present study is conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding selected aspects of reproductive health with special reference to knowledge of Reproductive tract infections (RTI) among adolescent school students.Methods: This was a cross sectional study carried out among randomly selected school students of Ujjain city.Results: It was observed that 86% of the students had adequate knowledge in the area of pregnancy and care during pregnancy. The mean score percentage of reproductive tract infection was found to be 56.92%. 90.50% students agreed that Menstruation is normal phenomenon.Conclusions: There is need of imparting sex education in schools across the country with the help of specially trained teachers and peer educators.

Humanimmunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the global pandemic that continues to spread at an alarming rate with over 6,000 new infections per day. However, despite the very high number of people already living with HIV/AIDS, it is estimated that less than 25-30% of them are aware of their HIV serostatus mainly because of the limited availability, access and use of HIV counseling and testing services. HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) has long been a component of HIV ABSTRACT Background: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the global pandemic that continues to spread at an alarming rate with over 6,000 new infections per day. The purpose of this work was to ascertain the satisfaction of the clients by the services provided at the ICTCs centers. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among clients attending Integrated Counselling and Testing Centers (ICTC) centers located at district hospitals of Indore division. The study was conducted keeping in consideration the original guidelines issued by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) and Madhya Pradesh State AIDS prevention and Control Society (MPSACS) during the inception of the integrated counselling and testing centers. The clients were clients served by selected ICTCs. Sample size was calculated by using OpenEpi software, version 2. Results: The present study highlights the fact that among the clients interviewed, male contribute (66.56%) while female clients comprised 34.45%. According to the study 90.8% of clients were aged between 18-50 years (the most sexually active age group). The study found that nearly one quarter (21.85%) of the clients were of direct walk in type, which is lower than a study conducted integrated counseling and testing centre (ICTC) of a tertiary care hospital (27%). There was low intention to share the test results with partners only 55.8% (N=86) this may be due to poor communication between partners due to traditional beliefs in our society, difficulty in discussing sensitive subjects such as sex, among the clients who received their test result. Conclusions: Majority of the clients were satisfied with the services provided at the ICTC. Illiterate clients were more satisfied as compared to the literate clients. More female clients were share the test result with their partner compared to male clients.

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